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在日本高等教育迈向普及化的进程中,其研究型大学面临社会问责、学生意识转变、大学急速"巨型化"三大危机。本文梳理了日本研究型大学发展的历史脉络。从构成上看,日本的研究型大学主要包括7所旧制帝国大学、11所单科性官立大学以及庆应、早稻田两所私立名校;从组织结构上看,日本的研究型大学经历了由单一的"讲座制"向"研究生院重点化"方向的转变,这个转变给其本科教育、人事制度、财政预算等方面造成了深刻影响。当前日本研究型大学最重要的课题是如何维持教学科研的卓越性,这将对日本大学的制度环境、组织结构等方面的改革提出新的挑战。 相似文献
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Shinjō Ikuo 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2017,18(2):269-280
Nakaya Kokichi is a writer whose work illustrates a singular unfolding of intellectual thought in Okinawa under the US military occupation. This article sheds light on the political potential of Nakaya’s thoughts through a close reading of his posthumous collection. In doing so, I pay particular attention to the three aspects of his thought. First, Nakaya’s texts reveal the violent nature of “interpellation” that sustains the system of the US–Japan military alliance. Nakaya’s work exposes the way in which such interpellation at once subject those who live in Okinawa and, therefore, prohibits them from becoming political subjects. Second, Nakaya’s writings critique the politics of Okinawan nationalist identity and seek an alternative political future in the solidarity among non-subjectified bodies. Third, Nakaya’s thoughts suggest a paradoxical possibility of Kakushi, or a death in a foreign land even in one’s own so-call “homeland,” once that helps to resituate Okinawa as an intersection of “refugees,” who remain unable to belong to nation-states, and their “histories that open up laterally.” 相似文献
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Japanese education has been a focus of comparative studies for the past 20 years. Many scholars have attributed the economic
success of this industrialized society to a highly literate and well-educated population. Recent studies, however, have tended
to be more critical of, in particular, Japanese higher education (HE). Indeed, most universities in Japan are acutely aware
of the need for change and a considerable effort at institutional reform is sweeping the nation. Unfortunately most of the
constructive criticism of Japanese HE has not yet been published in English. One of the most vocal of the reformists, Professor
Ikuo Amano, has published widely on various aspects of HE in Japan. The following paper is a translation of a chapter in his
book Challenges to Japanese Universities. This translation is prefaced by both a synopsis of this book as well as a brief
introduction to Amano and his work. 相似文献
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Comparing with the other developing countries in Dore's book, it was only after Japan had reached a quite high level of industrialisation that the diploma disease appeared. Clearly there is a lot more work to be done on the link between the starting date of the modernisation drive, the late development effect and unique national factors. As is clear from the fact that the late development effect appears faster and appears in a more unmistakeable form the later development begins, it is an effect associated with low levels of economic development; in short with poverty. Should one then expect that when poverty is overcome and the society reaches a stage of affluence, the diploma disease will remain unchanged in incidence and character? If the advanced industrial countries also undergo a transition to a credentialling society as part of the ‘advanced country effect’, is there not some difference in character between the developing country type, and the advanced country type of diploma disease? And has Japan's diploma disease changed in transition from the one type to the other? Twenty years after the publication of Dore's book, these are the sort of questions which the Japanese case suggests one should tackle. 相似文献
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从历史与比较研究的视角，对日本高等教育制度结构为什么缺乏稳定性进行了系统的分析，认为高等教育制度的等级性与僵硬性是导致缺乏稳定性的根本原因，同时也是日本的独特性之所在。如何构建新的日本式制度结构，仍然是日本高等教育难以回避的课题。 相似文献
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Ikuo Amano 《Higher Education》1997,34(2):125-139
The Japanese pattern of development in post-war higher education hasbeen created by changes in the balance between two forces, that of expansion(exemplified particularly in the private sector) and that of control(manifested most frequently by government planners). The article identifiescycles of expansion and consolidation corresponding to changes in socialcircumstances. The most important of these social factors has been theimpact of demographic variations on demand and supply. The author shows howgovernment control was significantly eroded by the double impact of the"second baby boom generation" and the resulting prompt responseby the private sector to the relatively sudden increase in demand. In effectJapanese higher education could be said to be moving towards the marketmodel of provision as institutions, mindful of the prospect of decliningcohorts in the future, seek to maintain their levels of recruitment. Thearticle considers some of the changes in the system which are likely to beintroduced in response to the changed circumstances of the year 2000 andbeyond, including those which focus upon the maintenance of educationalquality. 相似文献
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In analyses of the professorial role, an opposition is often established between the professional or external components and the university or internal components. From this perspective, professors at leading universities in the West are said to emphasize the professional components of their role. In contrast, in the past Japanese professors tended to emphasize the local university-centered components. In recent years, many professors have shifted their energies away from these university-centered components. Some have become professional in the Western sense, but others have become showmen and still others politicians. No single phrase suffices to summarize the trend away from university centeredness.The authors wish to thank Kazuyuki Kitamura and the other members of the Research Institute for Higher Education of Hiroshima University for so generously supplying their unpublished data on university governance for their inspection. Also they acknowledge the stimulation they have experienced in reading Shigeru Nakayama's important comparative analysis of university traditions. 相似文献