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KEVIN WILLIAMS 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2007,41(4):675-692
This article explores, in the French context, an aspect of what Terence McLaughlin (1991) has described in an unpublished paper as the 'dilemma of substantiality' faced by any school system endeavouring to promote neutrality. In France, in order that the public or common school be genuinely open to all students, not only is the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols forbidden but so too is any direct teaching of religion. The cultural consequences resulting from this prohibition have led to the mandating of cross-curricular teaching about religion. This article aims to show that the civic principles (la laïcité) on which this teaching is based pose in an acute and problematic form the 'dilemma of substantiality'. 相似文献
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BALL SWEETMAN JASON LEE 《科技新时代》2006,(1):81-87
发身无人驾驶侦察机，搭载运送海豹突击队员的微型潜艇，窃取海底光缆数据——21世纪最新，最先进的间谍潜艇已经浮出水面。[编者按] 相似文献
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KEVIN McDONOUGH 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1992,26(1):75-89
R. M. Hare has argued for and defended a ‘two-level’, view of moral agency. He argues that moral agents ought to rely on the rules of ‘intuitive moral thinking’ for their ‘everyday’ moral judgments. When these rules conflict or when we do not have a rule at hand, we ought to ascend to the act-utilitarian,‘critical’ level of moral thinking. I argue that since the rules at the intuitive level of moral thinking necessarily conflict much more often than Hare supposes, and since we often do not have ready-made rules for our moral judgments, we must necessarily use critical moral thinking very frequently. However, act-utilitarian judgements at this level will sharply conflict with our strongly held ‘intuitive’ moral convictions. I show that Hare's attempt to balance these two aspects of moral judgment requires us to simultaneously adopt two conflicting sets of moral standards, and thus an attempt to inculcate such standards constitutes a ‘schizophrenic’ moral education. Finally, I briefly outline an alternative conception of moral education, based on Aristotelian phronesis. 相似文献
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The authors explore the effects of counseling action skills on cognitive processing by female participants in an analog study. Reflection of feeling was found to elicit defensiveness. 相似文献
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This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between acquisition of counseling skills and trainee attitude towards psychological counseling. Results are discussed within the context of a mediational approach to counselor development. 相似文献
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