Synchronization of biological neural network systems with stochastic perturbations and time delays     

Xianlin Zeng  Qing Hui  Wassim M. Haddad  Tomohisa Hayakawa  James M. Bailey 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

With advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, and neurochemistry there has been impressive progress in the understanding of the molecular properties of anesthetic agents. However, despite these advances, we still do not understand how anesthetic agents affect the properties of neurons that translate into the induction of general anesthesia at the macroscopic level. There is extensive experimental verification that collections of neurons may function as oscillators and the synchronization of oscillators may play a key role in the transmission of information within the central nervous system. This may be particularly relevant to understand the mechanism of action for general anesthesia. In this paper, we develop a stochastic synaptic drive firing rate model for an excitatory and inhibitory cortical neuronal network in the face of system time delays and stochastic input disturbances. In addition, we provide sufficient conditions for global asymptotic and exponential mean-square synchronization for this model.  相似文献   

Comparison of crossover and jab step start techniques for base stealing in baseball     

Tomohisa Miyanishi  So Endo  Ryu Nagahara 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(4):552-566

Base stealing is an important tactic for increasing the chance of scoring in baseball. This study aimed to compare the crossover step (CS) and jab step (JS) starts for base stealing start performance and to clarify the differences between CS and JS starts in terms of three-dimensional lower extremity joint kinetics. Twelve male baseball players performed CS and JS starts, during which their motion and the force they applied to the ground were simultaneously recorded using a motion-capture system and two force platforms. The results showed that the normalised average forward external power, the average forward–backward force exerted by the left leg, and the forward velocities of the whole body centre of gravity generated by both legs and the left leg were significantly higher for the JS start than for the CS start. Moreover, the positive work done by hip extension during the left leg push-off was two-times greater for the JS start than the CS start. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the jab step start may be the better technique for a base stealing start and that greater positive work produced by left hip extension is probably responsible for producing its larger forward ground reaction force.  相似文献