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Siegfried Uhl 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(1):61-82
Seit einigen Jahren gibt es eine lebhafte Auseinandersetzung über die Allgemeine P?dagogik und über die Aufgaben, die die Allgemeinen P?dagogen erfüllen sollen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die unterschiedlichen Ansichten über diese Frage zusammengetragen, analysiert und in einen systematischen Zusammenhang gebracht. Dabei werden moralphilosophische und fachbezogene Aufgaben unterschieden. Bei den fachbezogenen Aufgaben gibt es zwei Gruppen: kritische und konstruktive Aufgaben. Zur zweiten Gruppe geh?ren insbesondere (a) die Bestimmung des Forschungsgegenstands der P?dagogik, (b) die Lenkung der Forschungsbemühungen, (c) die Bestimmung der Grundbegriffe und (d) die Darlegung des p?dagogischen Grundgedankens. Bei allen diesen Aufgaben werden die Voraussetzungen für ihre Erfüllung und die Schwierigkeiten diskutiert, mit denen dabei zu rechnen ist. 相似文献
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The study was designed to assess the development of Family Independence (FI), Peer Independence (PI), Liberalism (L), Social Conscience (SC), and Cultural Sophistication (CS) among students attending three predominantly black colleges. Responses to the Attitudes section of the College Student Questionnaires were obtained from 334 students when they were entering freshmen, end-of-year freshmen, and graduating seniors. The data were analyzed with a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance design. College, Sex, and Time were the independent variables, and the five attitude scales were the dependent variables. The tests for the main effects of time revealed overall gains on all five scales. A significant Sex × Time interaction indicated that PI scores for males increased, while females' PI scores decreased, during the freshman year; the females' PI scores increased during the subsequent three year period. Significant College × Time interactions were found for FI and CS. College × Sex × Time interactions were significant for L and CS. The results indicated that students who attended these predominantly black colleges developed greater self-reliance and autonomy and broadened interests in political, social, and cultural affairs. The extent of change in these attitudes varied, however, according to the college attended and/or sex of the student. 相似文献
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Ethics and Information Technology - We address the considerations of the European Commission Expert Group on the ethics of connected and automated vehicles regarding data provision in the event of... 相似文献
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After rats were trained on a multiple schedule with variable interval 30-sec reinforcement in both stimulus components, omission, yoked, and extinction procedures were applied in S? while the variable interval continued in S+. In S?, omission training reduced response rate faster and to a lower terminal level than either response-independent yoked reinforcement or extinction, which were approximately equivalent. In S+, the extinction group exhibited elevated response rates representing behavioral contrast, while the omission and yoked groups showed reduced response rates. These results attest to the effectiveness of omission training as a response elimination method. They also contradict theories which posit reduction of response rate in S? to be necessary and sufficient for behavioral contrast. 相似文献
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Charles N. Uhl 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(3):237-240
After rats were trained to leverpress for 1, 3, 9, or 27 days on a variable interval reinforcement schedule, omission training was compared with extinction in effectiveness of response elimination. Extinction produced faster response elimination than omission, although both procedures eventually led to equal response elimination. Resistance to response elimination increased with length of baseline training, although this effect did not interact with omission vs extinction. A test of the durability of elimination effects followed, using a response-independent variable time reinforcement schedule. After extinction, resumption of responding in the durability test increased with length of baseline training, but there was little response resumption following omission regardless of the length of the baseline training. These results amplify and extend previous findings which show omission to be an effective and durable response elimination method. 相似文献
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