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1.
Tuchman AM 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2004,95(1):34-57
Marie E. Zakrzewska (1829-1902) is known among historians of women and medicine for her advocacy of the natural sciences at a time when most women physicians preferred to emphasize their nurturing qualities. This article suggests that Zakrzewska's views have been poorly understood because scholars have tried to position them along a fault line that divides femininity and sympathy from masculinity and science. It suggests instead that feminist scholarship on the "situatedness of gender" offers a more promising conceptual framework for understanding the diverse strategies women (and men) have utilized in trying to achieve their goals. Zakrzewska, unlike many of her colleagues, did not seek to empower feminine virtues as a way of justifying women's entry into the medical profession. Instead, she tried to reappropriate science for women and to use it as a weapon against the barriers designed to keep women out of the public sphere. She was fighting her own battle against the gendering of science. 相似文献
2.
Serban Ionescu Colette Jourdan-Ionescu Paul Fortin 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(2):159-166
Thirty mentally retarded persons took part in a study intended to verify the predictive value, for work adjustment, of learning potential. The multiple regression equation was derived for the data produced by a non verbal intelligence test (PM-47) and a test of learning potential (adaptation of the Block design test, Ionescu et al., 1974) The results showed that only the total score on a block design test has predictive value; this score is the sum of two scores, a “without help” score and a «transfer» score (measure of learning potential). 相似文献
3.
Becky Wai-Ling Packard Janelle L. Gagnon Arleen J. Senas 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(9):670-683
Given financial barriers facing community college students today, and workforce projections in science, technical, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, the costs of unnecessary delays while navigating transfer pathways are high. In this phenomenological study, we analyzed the delay experiences of 172 students (65% female) navigating community college transfer pathways in STEM fields in Massachusetts. When focusing on institutional delays, three central elements emerged: (a) informational setbacks from dissatisfactory advising, (b) imperfect program alignment with four-year institutions, and (c) college resource limitations. Students took unnecessary courses or could not get into courses in a timely manner, resulting in lost time, money, and credit. An accumulation of delays is particularly detrimental to STEM women and men, given the sequential nature of their programming. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Nicoleta Ionescu Caterina de Freitas Allain A. Bueno 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(4):361-367
Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (AA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), major components of brain tissue and neural systems, and the precursors of a number of biologically active metabolites with functions in inflammation resolution, neuroprotection and other actions. As PUFAs are highly susceptible to peroxidation, we hypothesised whether cigarette smokers would present altered PUFAs levels in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Adult males from Indian, Sri-Lankan or Bangladeshi genetic backgrounds who reported smoking between 20 and 60 cigarettes per week were recruited. The control group consisted of matched non-smokers. A blood sample was taken, plasma and erythrocyte total lipids were extracted, phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the fatty acid content analysed by gas chromatography. In smokers, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, the AA precursor, was significantly reduced in plasma and erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine. AA and DHA were significantly reduced in erythrocyte sphingomyelin. Relatively short term smoking has affected the fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids with functions in neural tissue composition, cell signalling, cell growth, intracellular trafficking, neuroprotection and inflammation, in a relatively young population. As lipid peroxidation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, early effects of smoking may be relevant for the development of such conditions. 相似文献
5.
Rebecca Shankland Lionel Riou França Christophe M. Genolini Julien-Daniel Guelfi Serban Ionescu 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(4):499-512
Coping styles are generally considered to be environmentally driven. Up to now, research has mainly focused on family influences.
However, some studies underline the effect of educational settings on the development of problem-focused coping strategies.
Consistently with previous reports on the enhancement of autonomy and problem-solving in alternative schools, and the relationship
established by self-determination theory between autonomy-supportive climates and positive coping, we hypothesized that alternative
school students develop more problem-focused coping styles. This hypothesis was tested on 80 traditional school students and
50 alternative school students (Steiner, Montessori and New schools), during their last secondary school year, using the Coping
Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1990a). We also assessed psychological factors which can influence coping
styles measures (anxiety and depression), using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983), and the Beck Depression
Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961). The proportion of problem-focused coping strategies was compared
in traditional and alternative settings, adjusting for potential confounding factors, using logistic regression. Results show
that the proportion of students using predominantly problem-focused coping strategies is higher in the population of alternative
schools. Directions for further research on alternative schools are highlighted concerning coping as well as autonomy-supportive
class climates. 相似文献
6.
Arleen Theresa Dodd-Nufrio 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(4):235-237
During the past century Loris Malaguzzi (1920–1994), a principal figure in the establishment and creation of the preschools
of Reggio Emilia, Italy, was one of the seminal thinkers in early childhood education. The influence of John Dewey, one of
the most important American philosophers, is visible in contemporary early childhood classrooms of Reggio Emilia. However,
as this editorial contends, in the author’s experience, many pre-service teachers have the misconception that the two programs
that originated in Italy—Maria Montessoir and Reggio Emilia—are synonymous. This editorial discusses another connection; namely,
the relationship between John Dewey’s philosophy of education and the pedagogy of Reggio Emilia preschools. Pre-service teachers’
understanding of Dewey’s theory and the Reggio Emilia experience makes an important contribution to the development of their
personal teaching philosophy and understanding of best practices in the field. 相似文献
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8.
H. Arleen Johnson 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):547-559
Guidelines for including geriatric content in six health care disciplines recommend training in topics such as fear of aging, death, dying, grieving, and suicide. The psychoanalytic theory of humor provides a basis for using humor to teach these sensitive topics. Humor used in clinical settings relieves anxiety, decreases discomfort, and provides a coping mechanism for both patients and health care providers. Humor used in educational settings increases comprehension, enhances retention, and improves faculty ratings. Suggestions are provided for incorporating humor into lesson plans and assignments. The use of humor contributes to learning and to improved health care for older people. 相似文献
9.
Because toddlers and 2-year-olds learn and explore by using their senses, cooking provides a wealth of multisensory experiences. They can touch, taste, see, smell, and hear food. Cooking can boost children's self-esteem, since it provides children with firsthand experiences, involving them in the processes of planning, preparing, and cleaning. Carefully planned and developmentally appropriate cooking projects can provide young children the opportunity of experiencing the rewards of cooking, such as a sense of accomplishment, joy, and excitement. 相似文献
10.
Rebecca Shankland Christophe Genolini Lionel Riou França Julien-Daniel Guelfi Serban Ionescu 《Higher Education》2010,59(3):353-366
The present longitudinal study measured student adjustment to higher education, comparing 50 participants from alternative
schools (Steiner, Montessori, New Schools) with 80 students from the traditional school system. We hypothesized that students
from alternative schools adapt better, because of greater perceived social support, academic self-efficacy, and task-oriented
coping styles. Measures were taken during the last school year (baseline characteristics), and at the beginning of the first
and last terms of the first year in higher education. The quality of adjustment was assessed through academic results, and
physical and psychological well-being. The following instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger
(1983), the 13-items Depression Inventory by Beck et al. (1961), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Endler and Parker (1990), and semi-directed interviews. Results show that students from alternative schools adjust better to higher education: they
report less anxiety and depression symptoms, and show greater life satisfaction and academic achievement. 相似文献