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The institutions of science arecomposed of communities with conflicting andoverlapping interests. In the United States,the internal governance of science resemblesthe structure of republican government,particularly in its fragmentation,representation, and extension. This articlecalls upon Michael Polanyi's metaphor of a`Republic of Science' in the context ofAmerican history and political theory, toexamine the ways in which these interests arerepresented. Using the metaphor obliges us toask about rules of citizenship in the`Republic', and to determine whether those whopay for science should also be represented inits institutions. 相似文献
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Femmie Juffer Jesús Palacios Lucy Le Mare Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐Barke Wendy Tieman Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg Panayiota Vorria Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Frank C. Verhulst 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):31-61
This chapter first presents a review of research on the development of adopted children, focusing on meta‐analytic evidence and highlighting comparisons between adopted children with and without histories of early adversity. Some methodological issues arising from this literature are considered as well. Second, 7 longitudinal studies of adopted children's development are described, and the convergence of findings across the longitudinal studies and with the cross‐sectionally based meta‐analytic evidence is discussed. Third, the role of the adoptive family in supporting adopted children's development is explored. 相似文献
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Charles A. Nelson III Karen Bos Megan R. Gunnar Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐Barke 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):127-146
Children raised in institutions frequently suffer from a variety of behavioral, emotional, and neuropsychological sequelae, including deficits in attention, executive functions, disorders of attachment, and in some cases a syndrome that mimics autism. The extent and severity of these disorders appear to be mediated, in part, by the age at which the child entered and, in some cases, left the institution. Here we review the neurobiological literature on early institutionalization that may account for the psychological and neurological sequelae discussed in other chapters in this volume. 相似文献
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Graben Katharina Doering Bettina K. Barke Antonia 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(3):3965-3980
Education and Information Technologies - In this study, we investigated whether the use of smartphone games while reading a text reduces learning performance or reading speed. We also examined... 相似文献
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Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐Barke Jim Stevenson Margaret Thompson Mike Lamparelli Mandy Goldfoot 《教育心理学》1995,15(2):141-148
The present study set out to examine the role played by preschool children's intellectual and behavioural characteristics in their parents’ expectations for school performance. Preschool children who were expected by their parents to attend university were compared with those who were expected to leave school at the earliest opportunity. Children whose parents had lower expectations came from lower social classes and tended to be boys. The two groups differed in a number of other ways. The high expectations group tended to be more intelligent and less overactive. When the associations between expectations, sex and SES were controlled for, these differences persisted. The findings show that there is already an association between high educational expectations and educational advantage before children enter school. Educationalists should be cautious when developing policy on the basis of the assumption that the reported association between parental expectations and school achievement reflects the impact of expectations rather than the persistence of early acquired competence. 相似文献
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