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David Hradil Tom&#x; Grygar Janka Hradilov Petr Bezdi
ka Veronika Gr&#x;nwaldov Igor Foga&#x; Costanza Miliani 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2007,8(4):377-386
The work is focused on identification of lead tin yellow types I and II, Naples yellow, and also on discrimination of a less common, distinct yellow pigment, the ternary Pb-Sb-Sn oxide.The knowledge about all those Pb-based yellows was in fact forgotten after introduction of modern synthetic yellows in 19th century. As late as in the last decade of the 20th century, the existence of Pb-Sb-Sn yellow and its production have been rediscovered, and only then it has been identified in colour layer of artworks.Pb-Sb-Sn yellow has recently been identified in colour layer of 17th century Italian paintings by Sandalinas and Ruiz-Moreno [C. Sandalinas, S. Ruiz-Moreno, Lead tin-antimony yellow, historical manufacture, molecular characterization and identification in seventeenth-century Italian paintings, Stud. Conserv. 49 (2003) 41–52], and here we report the finding of this pigment in Mid-European painting of the 18th and 19th centuries. Lead tin yellows, lead antimony yellow (Naples yellow), and lead antimony tin yellow were synthesized in laboratory following historical recipes, their colour was analyzed, and their structure was confirmed to provide a basis for their routine identification in microsamples of artworks by X-ray microdiffraction. Unequivocal identification of Pb-based yellows could help in authentication of traditional European paintings, because their use was temporally and also geographically specific. Combination of elemental microanalysis (X-ray fluorescence electron microanalysis) and X-ray powder microdiffraction were found very efficient in the microanalysis of colour layers of artworks with Pb-based yellows and their unequivocal identification. 相似文献
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Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) is a well-established technique, widely used in the conservation field for in situ investigations and non-invasive diagnostics on traditional artworks. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge on the use of this technique for investigating modern artists materials used in contemporary artworks. The present study, carried out within the wider framework of the EC funded Project “POPART” (Preservation of Plastic ARTefacts in museum collections”), was aimed at investigating the possibility of extending the applications of FORS to synthetic polymers, and proposing this technique as new non-invasive analytical tool for diagnostics on plastic artworks in museum collections. Thus, a real case was selected from the permanent collection of the Conteporary Art Centre “Luigi Pecci” (Prato, Italy). The artwork, created in 1990 by the artist Stefano Arienti, was entirely constituted of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and it showed diffused signs of degradation. The need of singling out the main causes of deterioration in order to prevent further damages was evident. An in situ FORS measurements campaign was performed with the aim of gaining in-depth information about its conservation state and identifying the main agents responsible for the observed degradation. Thanks to the non-invasivity of the technique an extensive spectroscopic characterisation of different areas of the EPS surface could be performed and the spectral data were exploited to build a map of the degraded areas of the artwork. Data acquired in field were compared with those obtained from laboratory test performed on artificially aged EPS samples. These results helped in ascertaining the detrimental actions of the light sources used to back illuminate the artwork. In particular, in this case FORS proved to be effective in detecting EPS alterations before the chromatic effects became visually evident. These results suggested that FORS may be considered as a good candidate to be used for non-invasive investigations also on some modern materials and contemporary artworks. The research was completed with an interview to the artist Stefano Arienti, whose point of view was constructively integrated with the scientific results obtained. This emphasized the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the solution of conservative problem in the field of contemporary art. 相似文献
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Sophie Bridgers Costanza De Simone Hyowon Gweon Azzurra Ruggeri 《Child development》2023,94(5):1259-1280
Do children consider how others learned when seeking help? Across three experiments, German children (N = 536 3-to-8 year olds, 49% female, majority White, tested 2017–2019) preferred to learn from successful active learners selectively by context: They sought help solving a problem from a learner who had independently discovered the solution to a previous problem over those who had learned through instruction or observation, but only when the current problem was novel, yet related, to the learners' problem (Experiment 1). Older, but not younger, children preferred the active learner even when she was offered help (Experiment 2), though only when her discovery was deliberate (Experiment 3). Although a preference to learn from successful active learners emerges early, a genuine appreciation for process beyond outcome increases across childhood. 相似文献
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Anna Amat Costanza Miliani Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2013,14(1):23-30
The main advantage of a multi-technique non-invasive artwork investigations relies on the use of different spectroscopic techniques that give rise to complementary information. Despite the artworks complexity, this approach allows great insight into the artwork composition and alteration phases. However, difficulties arise from the great amount of heterogeneous interconnected data that has to be stored for a prompt analysis and preserved. A suitable tool to handle and analyse all the information on the fly is therefore crucial to optimize work, specially in in situ investigations. In this paper we present MOVIDA, a new tool for the data management and analysis of non-invasive investigations in the Cultural Heritage field that not only allows the digital preservation of all the information and knowledge, but can also be used as an analytical tool while the investigation is being developed. The software can be installed on any computer to record, elaborate and analyse the data on-the-spot. All the data generated can be managed within the same application and the information can be easily consulted, compared and related to the corresponding areas of the artwork. The software is self-comprehensive and user-friendly and can be used by all the professionals involved in the investigation and preservation of Cultural Heritage whatever their background and computer skills are. 相似文献
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Jean Costanza Miller 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(3):349-373
This essay explores Barack Obama's “A More Perfect Union” speech and Eric Holder's speech marking African American History Month as a case study of contemporary public discourse on race. This article argues that in these speeches, Obama and Holder perform the social drama of race relations in profoundly different ways. Drawing on the Burkean parlor and barnyard as metaphors of rhetorical form, the analysis demonstrates the interplay of these dialogic and agonistic forms in motivating democratic deliberation on race. Implications of these rhetorical forms for healthy democratic practice are discussed. 相似文献
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Mary S. Costanza Leslie Fiedler Karen Ann Marling Sam B. Girgus Frank F. Mathias Ray Bonds 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):36-37
WAITING FOR PRIME TIME: THE WOMEN OF TELEVISION NEWS by Marlene Sanders and Marcia Rock (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988—$19.95, ISBN 0-252-01435-9) FAIR PLAY: CBS, GENERAL WESTMORELAND, AND HOW A TELEVISION DOCUMENTARY WENT WRONG by Burton Benjamin (New York: Harper &; Row, 1988—$17.95, ISBN 0-06-015928-6) BEHIND THE FRONT PAGE: A CANDID LOOK AT HOW THE NEWS IS MADE by David S. Broder (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987—$8.95, paper, ISBN 0-671-65721-6) BAD TIDINGS: COMMUNICATION AND CATASTROPHE edited by Lynne Masel Walters, Lee Wilkins, and Tim Walters ((Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989—price not given, ISBN 0-89859-951-2) MEDIA, MYTHS AND NARRATIVES: TELEVISION AND THE PRESS edited by James W. Carey (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988—$35.00/16.95, ISBN 0-8039-3049-6, paper) PREDICTIONS OF PUBLIC OPINION FROM THE MASS MEDIA: COMPUTER CONTENT ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING by David P. Fan (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988—$42.95, ISBN 0-313-26296-9) JOURNALISTS AT WAR: THE DYNAMICS OF NEWS REPORTING DURING THE FALKLAND'S CONFLICT by David E. Morrison and Howard Tumber (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988—$49.95/18.95, ISBN 0-8039-8057-4, hard 0-8039-8058-2, soft) NEWS COVERAGE OF THE SANDINISTA REVOLUTION by Joshua Muravchik (American Enterprise Institute, 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, MD 20706—$19.95/9.95, ISBN 0-8447-3661-9 hard, and 0-8447-3662-7, soft) IMAGE WARS: PROTECTING YOUR COMPANY WHEN THERE'S NO PLACE TO HIDE by Stan Sauerhaft and Chris Atkins (New York: John Wiley, 1989—$22.95, ISBN O471-60936-6) THE IQ CONTROVERSY: THE MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC by Mark Snyderman and Stanley Rothman (Rutgers, NJ: Transaction Books, 1988—$24.95, ISBN 0-88738-151-0) NEWS AS HEGEMONIC REALITY: AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE AND THE FRAMING OF NEWS ACCOUNTS by Allan Rachlin (New York: Praeger, 1988—$37.95, ISBN 0-275-92534-X) BEYOND MALICE: THE MEDIA'S YEARS OF RECKONING by Richard M. Clurman (Transaction Books, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—$24.95, ISBN 0-88738-234-7) MASS MEDIA, CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS AND STREET GOSSIP: HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN AN URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD by W. Phillips Davison (New York: Gannett Center for Media Studies, Columbia University, 1988—price not given, paper, ISBN not provided) NEWS AND NUMBERS: A GUIDE TO REPORTING STATISTICAL CLAIMS AND CONTROVERSIES IN HEALTH AND OTHER FIELDS by Victor Cohn (Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010—$17.95, ISBN 0-8138-1442-1) 相似文献
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During the past two decades, thanks to the rapid development of solid-state-based sensor technology, digital imaging emerged as one of the most attractive research areas for the noninvasive investigation of paintings and flat artworks. In particular, the commercial availability of high-performance digital cameras opened up new perspectives to transmitted imaging techniques, such as trans-illumination and trans-irradiation, which are based on the acquisition of the visible (Vis) and near infrared (NIR) radiation, respectively, transmitted through the object. Until recently, these techniques were indeed considered to be unsuitable for applications on artefacts, because of the risks of overheating and overexposure to the light of the object under analysis. Nowadays, with the new-generation digital cameras, transmitted imaging can be reconsidered as a possible tool for noninvasive diagnostics on paintings on canvas. These techniques have been proven to be effective for the examination of hidden details, such as underlying drawing, for a study of the pictorial style or the executive techniques, as well as for assessing the state of conservation of the supports. Both trans-illumination and trans-irradiation can be easily implemented by means of professional photographic digital cameras, and therefore offer a valuable alternative to the more expensive well-established methodologies, such as X-ray radiography. In some cases, they are found to be complementary to the conventional techniques in revealing details of the underlying paint layers. Potentials and limits of transmitted imaging techniques are discussed in this paper, starting from three case studies of oil-paintings on canvas that belong to the permanent collection of the Gallery of modern art at the Pitti Palace in Florence. 相似文献
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Mauro Bacci Andrea Casini Costanza Cucci Andrea Muzzi Simone Porcinai 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2005,6(4):329-336
Due to the extreme fragility of paper-based artefacts, few techniques are available for scientific investigation and characterisation of ancient drawings or paper-based artefacts. Image reflectance spectroscopy represents an almost unique tool for scientific analysis on precious drawings, for which even micro-invasive techniques of analysis cannot be used. Indeed, beside the high fragility of the support, drawings and graphical works are typically characterised by a very limited number of artistic materials, which in principle could give information on the work of art. In this paper an interdisciplinary study on a set of drawings by Parmigianino (1503–1540), selected from the collection of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, is presented. Non-invasive measurements of image spectroscopy (IS) have been employed to support the work of art-historians in the critical re-examination and interpretation of the graphical work of the artist. The multispectral analysis has been carried out over the extended spectral region (400–1700 nm), in order to provide simultaneous indications both on the pictorial materials and on possibly underlying hatches. The data processing has been performed by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the elaboration of each case has been addressed to specifically respond to questions related to the art-historical problem. 相似文献
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