The Learned Society view of the economics of journal publishing     

Anthony Pearce 《Learned Publishing》1993,6(4):13-16

Considers a pricing policy for the conventional printed journal and how such policies may be devised for electronic publications, and suggests factors which will influence the economics of journal publishing and pricing in the future.  相似文献   

International Early Childhood Resources from Educational Research Abstracts (ERA)     

L. Girolametto  S. Bonifacio  C. Visini  E. Weitzman  E. Zocconi  P.S. Pearce 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2003,11(3):255-260

The aim was to examine cross-cultural variation in linguistic responsiveness to young children in 10 English-speaking mother–child dyads and 10 Italian-speaking mother– child dyads. All 20 children were late talkers who possessed delays in expressive vocabulary development but age-appropriate cognitive and receptive language skills. Dyads were filmed in 15 minute free play contexts, which were transcribed and coded for measures of maternal linguistic input (e.g. rate, MLU, labels, expansions) and child language productivity (e.g. utterances, different words used). The results revealed that the Italian mothers used more utterances, spoke more quickly and used a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian mothers. The Italian children mirrored their mothers and also used more utterances and a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian children. Mothers in both groups used similar percentages of responsive labels and expansions. However, Italian mothers responded to fewer of their children's vocalisations, using a smaller percentage of imitations and interpretations than the Canadian mothers. Correlations between maternal input and children's language productivity revealed that contingent language measures (e.g. imitations, interpretations, expansions) were related to high levels of productivity in children in both cultural groups. The results support the use of language interventions based on increasing maternal responsiveness for these children at the one-word stage of language development. They also point to differences that may be culturally based. For example, Italian mothers use faster rates of interaction and appear to have higher expectations for their children's verbal participation in interaction. This is reflected in higher rates of language production from their children, even though children in both cultural groups have similar vocabulary sizes.  相似文献   

Potentiation and overshadowing between landmarks and environmental geometric cues     

Horne MR  Pearce JM 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(4):371-382

Rats were required in three experiments to find one of two submerged platforms that were situated in the same pair of diagonally opposite corners of a rectangular grey swimming pool. The experimental groups were trained with landmarks, comprising A4 cards attached to the walls, located in the corners containing the platforms. For the control groups, the landmarks were situated in the corners containing the platforms for half of the trials, and in the other corners for the remaining trials. Learning about the positions of the platforms with reference to the shape of the pool was overshadowed in the experimental groups when the landmarks were white, and enhanced when the landmarks were black. A fourth experiment assessed whether geometric cues influenced the control acquired by the landmarks. As in the previous experiments, the presence of the geometric cues overshadowed learning about the landmarks when they were white, but enhanced learning when the landmarks were black.  相似文献   

The influence of context-reinforcer associations on instrumental performance     

John M. Pearce  Geoffrey Hall 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(4):504-508

In each of two experiments, rats were trained to press the lever in a Skinner box, food reinforcement being available on a variable-interval 60-sec schedule (VI 60). There followed an “exposure phase” for which the levers were removed from the boxes, and then a final test with the levers replaced to assess the effects of the intervening treatment on instrumental responding. Experiment 1 showed that simple exposure to the box reduced the vigor of instrumental performance in comparison with a condition in which food was made available during the exposure phase. Animals which received no exposure treatment also showed a relatively high rate of response. Experiment 2 demonstrated that an exposure treatment in which the occurrence of food is signaled by a light stimulus also leads to a decline in instrumental responding. These results are held to support the notion that associations between the context and the reinforcer serve to energize appetitive instrumental behavior.  相似文献   

Context modulation of learned attention deployment     

Metin Uengoer  John M. Pearce  Harald Lachnit  Stephan Koenig 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(1):23-37

In three experiments, we investigated the contextual control of attention in human discrimination learning. In each experiment, participants initially received discrimination training in which the cues from Dimension A were relevant in Context 1 but irrelevant in Context 2, whereas the cues from Dimension B were irrelevant in Context 1 but relevant in Context 2. In Experiment 1, the same cues from each dimension were used in Contexts 1 and 2, whereas in Experiments 2 and 3, the cues from each dimension were changed across contexts. In each experiment, participants were subsequently shifted to a transfer discrimination involving novel cues from either dimension, to assess the contextual control of attention. In Experiment 1, measures of eye gaze during the transfer discrimination revealed that Dimension A received more attention than Dimension B in Context 1, whereas the reverse occurred in Context 2. Corresponding results indicating the contextual control of attention were found in Experiments 2 and 3, in which we used the speed of learning (associability) as an indirect marker of learned attentional changes. Implications of our results for current theories of learning and attention are discussed.  相似文献   

Publisher,know your niche!     

Anthony Pearce 《Learned Publishing》1996,9(4):203-205

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A study assessing the potential of negative effects in interdisciplinary math-biology instruction     

Madlung A  Bremer M  Himelblau E  Tullis A 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(1):43-54

There is increasing enthusiasm for teaching approaches that combine mathematics and biology. The call for integrating more quantitative work in biology education has led to new teaching tools that improve quantitative skills. Little is known, however, about whether increasing interdisciplinary work can lead to adverse effects, such as the development of broader but shallower skills or the possibility that math anxiety causes some students to disengage in the classroom, or, paradoxically, to focus so much on the mathematics that they lose sight of its application for the biological concepts in the center of the unit at hand. We have developed and assessed an integrative learning module and found disciplinary learning gains to be equally strong in first-year students who actively engaged in embedded quantitative calculations as in those students who were merely presented with quantitative data in the context of interpreting biological and biostatistical results. When presented to advanced biology students, our quantitative learning tool increased test performance significantly. We conclude from our study that the addition of mathematical calculations to the first year and advanced biology curricula did not hinder overall student learning, and may increase disciplinary learning and data interpretation skills in advanced students.  相似文献   

Can self-esteem protect against the deleterious consequences of self-objectification for mood and body satisfaction in physically active female university students?     

Thøgersen-Ntoumani C  Ntoumanis N  Cumming J  Bartholomew KJ  Pearce G 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2011,33(2):289-307

Using objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), this study tested the interaction between self-objectification, appearance evaluation, and self-esteem in predicting body satisfaction and mood states. Participants (N = 93) were physically active female university students. State self-objectification was manipulated by participants wearing tight revealing exercise attire (experimental condition) or baggy exercise clothes (control condition). Significant interactions emerged predicting depression, anger, fatness, and satisfaction with body shape and size. For participants in the self-objectification condition who had low (as opposed to high) appearance evaluation, low self-esteem was associated with high depression, anger, and fatness and low satisfaction with body shape and size. In contrast, for participants with high self-esteem, these mood and body satisfaction states were more favorable irrespective of their levels of appearance evaluation. For female exercisers, self-esteem-enhancing strategies may protect against some of the negative outcomes of self-objectification.  相似文献   

Visual Thinking,Images, and Learning in College          下载免费PDF全文

Philip Yenawine  Alexa Miller 《About Campus》2014,19(4):2-8

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都怕入错行——毕业前要看的职场调查     

Alexa Valiente 《英语沙龙》2013,(7):10-11

工作不仅仅是维持人的生存的手段,更可以体现一个人的社会价值,所以一份工作的好坏在很大程度上决定一个人一生的质量。如何选择工作以及如何选择一个好工作,自然是大学生包括诸多仍然在工作中迷茫前进的职场人不断思考的问题。本期带来的职场调查总结了2013年各大职业的评估报告,在这个毕业季,送给所有准备踏上职场的年轻人!  相似文献