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J. Rowe BSc PhD MIEEM 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):105-113
Abstract College curricula are broadening to take into account environmental imperatives, the relatively slow rate of economic and policy change, along with the welter of technical detail which has been generated by agricultural development, militate against successful systematic environmental teaching. This is particularly true within a private institution which must be seen to be serving the immediate needs of the agricultural business community. It is useful in this context to consider the ‘natural environment’ as comprising: the ‘immediate’ countryside, where ‘nature’ functions under differing degrees of managerial constraint; the global environment, where non-sustainable resource use takes its toll; and the environment of the organisation, where ‘environmental soundness’ of practice and products can be assessed. A teaching strategy is suggested where these three ‘environments’ are addressed at the levels of the functional, natural science-based: the societal, embracing legislative and structural responses to pressures; and the level of individual managerial responsibility. The relative emphasis on each element can be adjusted to reflect individual course aims, with modular core teaching networked into allied subject syllabi in a rolling process of adaptation and compromise. The latter should extend to the college’s own activities in land and business management to legitimise the teaching strategy. 相似文献
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Maaz A. Khan BA Oliver D. Mowforth BA MB BChir Isla Kuhn MA MSc Mark R. N. Kotter MD MPhil PhD Benjamin M. Davies MRCS BSc 《Health information and libraries journal》2023,40(2):181-189
Background
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a recently proposed umbrella term for symptomatic cervical spinal cord compression secondary to degeneration of the spine. Currently literature searching for DCM is challenged by the inconsistent uptake of the term ‘DCM’ with many overlapping keywords and numerous synonyms.Objectives
Here, we adapt our previous Ovid medline search filter for the Ovid embase database, to support comprehensive literature searching. Both embase and medline are recommended as a minimum for systematic reviews.Methods
References contained within embase identified in our prior study formed a ‘development gold standard’ reference database (N = 220). The search filter was adapted for embase and checked against the reference database. The filter was then validated against the ‘validation gold standard’.Results
A direct translation was not possible, as medline indexing for DCM and the keywords search field were not available in embase . We also used the ‘focus’ function to improve precision. The resulting search filter has 100% sensitivity in testing.Discussion and Conclusion
We have developed a validated search filter capable of retrieving DCM references in embase with high sensitivity. In the absence of consistent terminology and indexing, this will support more efficient and robust evidence synthesis in the field. 相似文献5.
BBC Education provides educational broadcasts for people of all ages‐‐ for young children, for pupils and for students in educational institutions including the Open University, as well as for adult learners in more informal groups and for those who are listening or viewing at home. All these broadcasts are supported by printed materials of various kinds and, in many cases, by back‐up services such as telephone referral facilities. BBC Education's services are provided as part of the BBC's public service remit. This paper outlines the contextual factors which BBC Education seeks to take into account and the research measures it takes to ensure the continued relevance of its output. 相似文献
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Conclusion The practical starting point for the argument put forward in this paper is that a shift inweltanschauung is necessary for career guidance if the needs of adults are to be adequately addressed. Experience in the United Kingdom is showing the value of action planning in career planning but an inappropriate set of assumptions about the context of this activity remains. Specifically, too little account is given to the experience that mature adults bring to bear in making career decisions, particularly that experience that relates to finding congruence between one's personal life and the demands of life in organisations. With this in mind, it is argued that the process of career planning for the individual should mirror the process of strategic planning in the organisation.The enthusiasm which can be seen for action planning at the present time has a strong resemblance to that for management by objectives several decades ago. The disappointment which followed the reality of MBO has now been resolved by separating matters of purpose from those of objective setting. Attempting to make use of these ideas with mature adults facing significant career decisions revealed difficulties associated with (i) needing to take into account the significance of the group in which the individual works and (ii) some basis for choosing between individual purposes.Socio-technical systems theory may seem an unlikely source of stimulation to develop these ideas, but there is no question that conceptually the issues are the same. What is intriguing is that problems with an immediate, practical origin in career development should lead so directly to thinking from such a different area of applied social science. What has been presented is merely the outline of an idea, however, a sketch of what might be worth developing.An earlier version of this article was presented at the National Career Development Association National Conference, Albuquerque, NM, 13–15 January 1994. The author gratefully acknowledges the numerous helpful comments he has received. 相似文献
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This article discusses the use of probabilistic techniques in engineering from the early difficulties in defining load factors in cases where loads or strengths vary, through the methods used to assess and improve equipment reliability, to the advance of the modern high integrity control and protective systems used in the nuclear, chemical engineering and aviation industries. It includes some examples of recent applications of probabilistic engineering. 相似文献
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Su Golder PhD Kelly Farrah MLIS Monika Mierzwinski-Urban MLIS Beth Barker BSc Anna Rama 《Health information and libraries journal》2023,40(2):190-200
Background
The most current objectively derived search filters for adverse drug effects are 15 years old and other strategies have not been developed and tested empirically.Objective
To develop and validate search filters to retrieve evidence on adverse drug effects from Ovid medline and Ovid Embase.Methods
We identified systematic reviews of adverse drug effects in Epistemonikos. From these reviews, we collated their included studies which we then randomly divided into three tests and one validation set of records. We constructed a search strategy to maximise relative recall using word frequency analysis with test set one. This search strategy was then refined using test sets two and three and validated on the final set of records.Results
Of 107 systematic reviews which met our inclusion criteria, 1948 unique included studies were available from medline and 1980 from Embase. Generic adverse drug effects searches in medline and Embase achieved 90% and 89% relative recall, respectively. When specific adverse effects terms were added recall was improved.Conclusion
We have derived and validated search filters that retrieve around 90% of records with adverse drug effects data in medline and Embase. The addition of specific adverse effects terms is required to achieve higher recall. 相似文献10.
Monique L’Hoir PhD Susanne Tetteroo BSc Magda Boere-Boonekamp MD PhD Elly Kloeze MSc Ingrid Bakker PhD Francisca Galindo Garre PhD Prof. Dr. Roland Naul 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(2):116-123
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the possible relationship between (un)healthy behaviour and (over)weight and physical condition in families with young children (4–7 years), in a village (30,000 inhabitants) in the eastern part of the Netherlands, close to Germany. It is one of two pilot studies as a precursor of a cross-border project including six Dutch and six German villages, to counteract physical inactivity and possible future metabolic problems. In total, 459 children of five elementary schools and their parents were included. Parents were requested to fill in a questionnaire on the nutritional, physical, sedentary, and sleeping behaviour of their child. Relevant background characteristics were obtained and lifestyle classifications were made. At school, the children's height and weight (body mass index (BMI)) were measured, as well as their physical condition (two tests) and basic motor abilities (four physical exercise tests). The relationship between the standardized BMI z-scores and physical condition test scores, and nutritional, physical, sedentary and sleeping habits was analysed using independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of people based on their nutritional, physical and sleep habits. Of the parents, 376 (82?%) were willing to fill out the questionnaire. High birth weight and a high BMI of the mother and/or father correlated with a higher BMI of the child (ρ?=?0.28, p?<?0.001; ρ?=?0.13, p?=?0.016; and ρ?=?0.23, p?<?0.001, respectively). Daily playing outside, eating small cookies (compared with large cookies) and no sleeping problems (no waking up during the night) were related to low BMI levels (no overweight) [ρ?=???0.14, p?=?0.005; ρ?=???0.12, p?=?.020; t(364)?=?1.81, p?=?0.072 (trend), respectively]. Daily playing outside (frequency and duration) and being a member of a sports club were related to positive scores on the physical condition tests [ρ?=?0.20, p?<?0.001; t(365)?=???2.99, p?=?0.003, respectively]. High levels of television (TV) watching and general sleeping problems were related to a less optimal physical condition [ρ?=???0.09, p?=?0.076 (trend); and ρ?=???0.10, p?=?0.059 (trend), respectively]. A latent class analysis revealed three clusters: 46?% of the sample belonged to the ‘healthy group’ concerning nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and TV/personal computer (PC) use; 17?% to the ‘less healthy’ group and 37?% to a group with nutrition and physical activity habits close to the healthy group, but with low conditional probabilities for the sleeping items. Conducting a pilot study before the start of a binational intervention study gives a blueprint for the final questionnaire, and clues for tailored interventions in the schools, as proposed in the approach of ‘Gesunde Kinder in gesunden Kommunen’ (GKGK). The results of a latent class analysis underscore that interventions should exist of a multi-component strategy, focusing on promoting physical activity, healthy nutrition habits and appropriate sleep. 相似文献
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