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Neighborhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: associations with young children's competencies 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This study examined the association of census level, observational, and parent-reported neighborhood characteristics on the verbal and behavioral competencies of a national sample of Canadian preschoolers (N = 3,350). Children's verbal ability scores were positively associated with residing in neighborhoods with affluent residents and negatively associated with residing in neighborhoods with poor residents and in neighborhoods with low cohesion, even after controlling for family socioeconomic factors. Behavior problem scores were higher when children lived in neighborhoods that had fewer affluent residents, high unemployment rates, and neighborhoods with low cohesion, after controlling for family socioeconomic factors. These findings are discussed in light of neighborhood studies of children in the United States in the mid-1990s. 相似文献
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This article reports on the development of a theory-informed assessment instrument for use in evaluating environmental education programs. The instrument involves coding learners’ brief reflective writing on five established educational and social psychological constructs that correspond to five important goals of environmental education: promoting learners’ perceived relevance of environmental content, sense of personal and collective responsibility for sustainability, knowledge of environmental content, readiness for environmental action, and identity exploration around environmental questions. The article describes the development of the instrument and its use for coding the reflective writing of 242 early adolescents who participated in a large-scale environmental education program. 相似文献
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Moshe Zeidner Lya Kremer‐Hayon Dafna Laskov 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1990,15(1):45-59
This study examines the predictive validity of three commonly used nursing school admission indices, that is, scholastic aptitude test scores, matriculation grades, and evaluations of performance in a group interview situation, in a sample of 321 Israeli nursing school students. Grade point average, supervisor evaluation of clinical internship, and scores on a government certification exam served as primary indices of criterion performance. Whereas composite aptitude test scores correlated moder ately with both grade point average and certification exam scores, matriculation grades correlated negligibly with all three criterion measures. Group interview ratings correlated moderately with clinical performance, but negligibly with the remaining criteria. Aptitude test scores were not found to be biased predictors of criterion performance by ethnicity or social background. The implications of these findings for the selection of nursing school candidates in Israel are discussed. 相似文献
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The present study used Canadian National Longitudinal data to examine a model of the mechanisms through which the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions impact young children's verbal and behavioral outcomes (N= 3,528; M age = 5.05 years, SD= 0.86). Integrating elements of social disorganization theory and family stress models, and results from structural equation models suggest that both neighborhood and family mechanisms played an important role in the transmission of neighborhood socioeconomic effects. Neighborhood disadvantage manifested its effect via lower neighborhood cohesion, which was associated with maternal depression and family dysfunction. These processes were, in turn, related to less consistent, less stimulating, and more punitive parenting behaviors, and ultimately, poorer child outcomes. 相似文献
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Dafna Lemish 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(4):757-781
Naturalistic methods were employed in studying television viewing in a variety of public places. The behavioral regularities that emerged included adjustment to the setting, to other viewers and to the television set, as well as an openness for television‐related interaction. 相似文献
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This study, by Dr Dafna Regev of the University of Haifa and Professor Tamie Ronen of Tel Aviv University, examines the perceived image of the special education teacher as portrayed in the drawings of Jewish and Arab student teachers in Israel. Of the 187 female participants in this study, 82 were from the Jewish sector and 105 from the Arab sector; they were all at varying stages in their training. The drawings were analysed by three art therapists, and differences found between Jewish and Arab perspectives and between perspectives across the training programme are discussed. This article raises questions about the relationship between attitudes and behaviours and the perspectives of future special education teachers. 相似文献
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Self-efficacy is a parameter capable of predicting change in teacher behavior. We designed a questionnaire to investigate self-efficacy for promoting Education for Sustainability (EfS), which includes pro-environmental behaviors and environmental attitudes, to answer the question: What characteristics of self-efficacy for promoting EfS among pre-service teachers allow promotion of EfS in the private and public spheres? Findings reveal that skill is the key predictor of self-efficacy in promoting EfS. The characteristics of a pre-service teacher with a high level of self-efficacy for promoting EfS included positive attitudes towards the environment, pro-environmental behaviors in the private and public spheres, and belief in the EfS course providing relevant skills for promoting EfS. Outside of the school, a high level of self-efficacy is characterized by pro-environmental behaviors in the private and public sphere. We conclude that EfS courses should emphasize skills as a key to increasing self-efficacy in promoting EfS. 相似文献