The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children     

Jonathan S. Jones  Anna-Lynne R. Adlam  Abdelmalek Benattayallah  Fraser N. Milton 《Child development》2022,93(3):815-830

Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10–14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK; 2015–2016). Training improved working memory performance and increased intrinsic functional connectivity between the bilateral intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, improvements in working memory were associated with greater recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus on a complex span task. Repeated engagement of fronto-parietal regions during training may increase their activity and functional connectivity over time, affording greater working memory performance. The plausibility of generalizable cognitive benefits from a neurobiological perspective and implications for neurodevelopmental theory are discussed.  相似文献   

Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing     

Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley  Marilyn Cyr  Megan C. Finsaas  Jonathan Orawe  Anna Huang  Nim Tottenham  Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2020,91(1):110-128

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.  相似文献   

Electronic circuits and tubes: by the Electronics Training Staff at the Cruft Laboratory,Harvard University. 948 pages,illustrations, 15 × 23 cm. New York,McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1947. Price, $7.50     

H.N. Michael 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1948,245(6):533-534

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Detoxication mechanisms.The metabolism of drugs and allied organic compounds: by R. Tecwyn Williams. 288 pages, 14 × 22 cm. New York,John Wiley & Sons,Inc., 1948. Price, $5.50     

Henry N. Michael 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1948,245(6):528

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Field practice: by Elwyn E. Seelye. A Data Book For Civil Engineers.306 pages,tables, drawings and illustrations, 13 × 211 curs. New York,John Wiley & Sons,Inc., 1947. Price $4.50     

H.N. Michael 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1948,245(5):445-446

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Book reviews     

Ronald J. Zboray  Anita A. Jones  Shirley Kessel  Clarkson N. Potter  Megan Benton  William A. Wortman  Barbara Kiefer  Richard C. Rowson 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(4):86-106

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Editorial     

Prof. Dr. W. Dörfler 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1993,24(1):v-v

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Ethical considerations in testing victims of sexual abuse for HIV infection     

N Fost 《Child abuse & neglect》1990,14(1):5-7

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Steps Toward More Effective Implementation of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing     

Daniel Koretz 《Educational Measurement》2006,25(3):46-50

The goal of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is to improve testing practices, but their impact on practice appears spotty. Self-regulation clearly fails in some instances. The establishment of an external agency to oversee testing practices and adherence to the Standards would face substantial hurdles, and the ambiguity of many of the Standards would hobble such an organization if one were created. Many of the Standards are general statements of principle, and past controversies make clear that we in the field often disagree about the reasons for them, their applicability to specific cases, and their practical meaning in specific contexts. This paper argues that the field should follow two approaches to lessen this ambiguity. First, using journals, conferences, and other vehicles, we should foster more frequent and more protracted debate about the practical meaning of key Standards, such as 13.6 and 13.7, which mandate that a decision that will have a "major impact" on a student should not be based on a single score. Second, future revisions of the Standards should use concrete examples of testing practices to clarify the meaning of the Standards, much as the legal system uses case law to clarify the meaning of the general principles embodied in statutes .  相似文献   

Dairy bacteriology: by Bernard W. Hammer. Third edition, 593 pages,illustrations, 15 × 23 cm. New York,John Wiley & Sons,Inc., 1948. Price, $6.00     

H.N. Michael 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1948,246(2):179-180

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