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It is often desirable to represent carrier distribution systems by networks so that analysis can be made to predict the behavior of these systems. Modeling of two canonical carrier distribution systems, the star-shaped system and the parallel-wire system by networks was carried out in this paper. The representation is given in terms of lumped parameters when the lengths of the carrier lines are short and it is given in terms of lumped and distributed parameters when the lengths of the carrier lines are long. 相似文献
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采用政策分析法分析与我国体育彩票销售体系相似,经销商遴选方式趋同的部分国家和地区的体育彩票业经销商遴选政策,具体包括新加坡、
美国、西班牙、澳大利亚、新西兰、加拿大6 个国家及地区,寻找不同国家和地区政策分析的规律性特点,即均有基本资格审核,注重道德品质和遵纪守
法;注重是否具备营销、管理能力;要求体育彩票经销商有运动兴趣和博彩知识;将经销人员培训纳入彩票业务体系之中;重视经销地点选择和店面规
格;技术供应商执照与经销商执照不得同有。在分析其特征的基础上,与国际体育彩票经销商政策比较发现,得出对我国现行体育彩票经销商政策的
借鉴和启示,目前我国体育彩票经销商遴选仍有许多相关内容的考量值得借鉴和参考,即关于经济利害关系人的考量;关于运动兴趣和体育专业知识
的考量;关于“负责任博彩”的考量;关于推行“体育彩票经理人”职业资格认证制度的考量;关于技术供应商执照与经销商执照不得同有的考量,通过
部分国家或地区体育彩票经销商遴选政策分析研究,希望能够为我国体育彩票业经销商遴选政策的完善与发展提供智力支持和学术支撑。 相似文献
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Marginalized communities cannot and do not have decontextualized experiences with how socioscientific issues, such as exposure to COVID-19 as frontline essential workers, high Black infant mortality rates, air pollution leading to respiratory problems, and other issues, affect their communities. As PreK-12 science teachers and teacher educators strive to dismantle oppressive practices in their classrooms and curriculum, it would be helpful to learn from Black women science teachers who have been engaging in anti-racist practices before the racial awakenings of Summer 2020. In this study, three different virtual focus groups, or Sista Circles, were conducted with 18 Black women secondary science teachers. Ranging from 1 to 22 years of experience, Black women teachers across the country and international participants in Canada and Qatar participated in the Sista Circles. From intersectional qualitative analysis and narrative inquiry, the findings of the study reveal that Black women science teachers enact anti-racist science teaching by bringing something new to the community; using NGSS standards within the context of the community; teaching at the intersection of history, culture, and science learning and teaching; and building critical consciousness in the science classroom. Furthermore, the findings of the study have implications for the use of anti-racist frameworks within the context of science education that were authentically the practices of the Black women in the study. This study offers insights into how the critical consciousness of Black women teachers can be represented in the science classroom even in times of nonsupport from peers and administration. The power and necessity of Black women teachers are paramount in science classrooms specifically because of the neutral, apolitical ways science teaching has been approached in the past. The narratives and stories shared here exemplify how Black women science teachers transform science teaching and learning by displaying various acts of Criticality. 相似文献
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Despite valuable syntheses of the field of gender and science education, there has not been a systematic, comprehensive review of the literature on gender and science education in recent years. We examine the literature pertaining to girls' engagement in science and develop four themes (equity and access, curriculum and pedagogy, the nature and culture of science, and identity) that we believe provide a coherent picture of the different kinds of approaches happening currently, while at the same time allowing for discussion of how ideas in the field have progressed and changed over time. We present new questions and approaches for further research that arise when applying insights from these themes to ongoing work in gender and science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 971–1002, 2008 相似文献
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A theory is developed to describe the propagation of characteristics waves through an infinite slab of irregularities in a magneto-ionic medium. The theory makes use of the asymptotic Green's dyadic. The results show that mode conversion is possible through scattering from irregularities in an anisotropic background. Some special cases are discussed and an example is given. 相似文献
9.
Chien-Hua Hsiao Ying-Tien Wu Chung-Yen Lin Terrence William Wong Hsieh-Hai Fu Ting-Kuang Yeh Chung-Yen Chang 《Learning Environments Research》2014,17(3):389-399
This study aimed to develop an instrument, named the inquiry-based laboratory classroom environment instrument (ILEI), for assessing senior high-school science students’ preferred and perceived laboratory environment. A total of 262 second-year students, from a senior-high school in Taiwan, were recruited for this study. Four stages were included in the development of the ILEI: (1) item formulation, (2) content validation, (3) construct validation and (4) reliability calculation. The study revealed that the ILEI was valid and reliable. Most students showed a preference for a student-directed and teacher-guided hybrid learning environment. The development of the ILEI is likely to help researchers and teachers to more effectively understand student views of the laboratory classroom environment. Our profound hope is to utilise ILEI to improve teachers’ assessment and students’ learning in inquiry-based laboratory classroom environments. 相似文献
10.
Felicia Lincoln Barbara Rademacher 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5-6):485-500
This study investigated the learning styles of adult English as a second language (ESL) students in Northwest Arkansas. Learning style differences by age, gender, and country of origin were explored. A total of 69 northwest Arkansas adult ESL students attending 7 adult-education centers were administered the VARK Learning Styles Questionnaire. Most participants came from Mexico and El Salvador, their ages ranged from 23 to 45, and females were an average of 10 years older than males. Note taking was chosen by 1/3 of participants as their favorite learning style, 20% favored aural modes, 15% favored kinesthetic, 4% favored visual, and 15% chose combinations of learning styles. Females chose auditory and multimodal learning styles, while males favored note taking. Students differed by level of English proficiency, beginning-intermediate favoring aural learning styles more than advanced students. ANOVA results indicated that participants were significantly less visual and more read-write than either aural or kinesthetic, but males and females differed significantly in their choice of aural learning. Hispanic males chose note taking and kinesthetic learning styles significantly more than visual or auditory modes of learning. Hispanic females chose note taking, aural, and kinesthetic learning styles significantly more than visual. Asian males favored note taking and aural learning. Correlation was found between age and learning styles with subgroups exhibiting a negative correlation between age and kinesthetic learning, with Mexican males and females exhibiting the strongest negative correlation. Males showed a low positive correlation between age and note taking. 相似文献