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Ignace Glorieux Ryfka Heyman Marc Jegers Maaike Taelman 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(6):781-794
In Belgium, the Exam Board (EB) and the Secondary School for Adults (SSA) are two different ways to attain a secondary diploma after leaving secondary school without a diploma. The SSA is part of the regular educational system and organises courses with an adult approach. The EB is a flexible system in which students prepare themselves to do exams. Using survey data, we examined the effectiveness of both systems in diminishing the large inequalities in the Belgian educational system. Our analyses make clear that the EB and SSA attract different groups of unqualified school-leavers; as such they complement each other. Compared with those who never take a second chance, and thus stay unqualified, participants of the SSA and the EB seem to have a higher socio-economic background and less problematic school careers. As such, neither the SSA, nor the EB seems to be very effective in mitigating social inequality. 相似文献
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This article focuses on the effectiveness of Flemish (Belgian) public libraries in reaching a large and socially diverse public. A statistical model is developed which incorporates unique data gathered through a large-scale visitor survey, a survey of librarians and municipal demographic information. By taking into account both characteristics of the public library and its surrounding community, the impact public libraries themselves have on the number and composition of their visitors can be clearly assessed. Factors such as the percentage of CDs, videos, and DVDs in the collection, and the opening hours are positively associated with the overall number of visitors and also the amount of male visitors. However, the model reveals a rather limited impact of the library on the percentage of lower-educated visitors; this percentage seems to be largely determined by municipality characteristics. The results hope to contribute to a discussion on library effectiveness and the current demands being placed on libraries and their staff. 相似文献
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