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Lia M. Daniels 《教育心理学》2015,35(8):984-1005
Research shows that personal and classroom goals are important for pre-service and practicing teachers’ personal and professional outcomes; however, no research has examined changes to these types of motivation across the transition from student to teacher. This study followed pre-service teachers (n?=?47) into practise and assessed changes in self-reported personal and classroom goals using surveys and focus groups. Correlations, repeated measures analysis of covariance and reliable change indices were used to assess stability/change in the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed for themes and largely supported the quantitative results. The results showed that teachers were at least as personally oriented towards mastery-approach in their practice as they were during their pre-service education but less personally performance focused. In terms of classroom goals, performance practices increased whereas mastery practices decreased, particularly for secondary school teachers. Although practicing teachers are personally mastery-oriented in their teaching, their intentions to establish classroom mastery goals appear difficult to enact in practice. 相似文献
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Individual differences in achievement goals: A longitudinal study of cognitive, emotional, and achievement outcomes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Lia M. Daniels Tara L. Haynes Robert H. Stupnisky Raymond P. Perry Nancy E. Newall Reinhard Pekrun 《Contemporary educational psychology》2008,33(4):584-608
Within achievement goal theory debate remains regarding the adaptiveness of certain combinations of goals. Assuming a multiple-goals perspective, we used cluster analysis to classify 1002 undergraduate students according to their mastery and performance-approach goals. Four clusters emerged, representing different goal combinations: high mastery/performance (i.e., multiple goals), dominant mastery, dominant performance, and low mastery/performance (i.e., low motivation). In a longitudinal analysis over one academic year, the clusters were compared on cognitive appraisals (expected achievement, perceived success), achievement-related emotions (enjoyment, boredom, anxiety), and objective measures of academic achievement (final grade in Introductory Psychology, GPA). The low-motivation cluster demonstrated the least adaptive profile across all outcomes. The multiple-goals, mastery, and performance clusters showed equivalent levels of achievement; however, students in the performance cluster were more psychologically and emotionally vulnerable than the multiple-goals and mastery clusters. Our discussion focuses on the immediate and potentially long-term implications of specific goal combinations for students and educators, with particular attention to understanding the cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities of students in the performance cluster which appear despite satisfactory achievement levels. 相似文献
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介绍了一种多功能实验动物(兔)手术台的研制及在教学和科研中的应用,该手术台在原手术台的基础上对一些部件进行了改进,增加了麻醉装置,改进后的手术台不仅方便了实验操作,提高了麻醉效果,而且使实验成功率大大提高。 相似文献
4.
Kandia Lewis Lia E. Sandilos Carol Scheffner Hammer Brook E. Sawyer Lucía I. Méndez 《Early education and development》2016,27(4):478-494
Research Findings: This study explored the relations between Spanish–English dual language learner (DLL) children’s home language and literacy experiences and their expressive vocabulary and oral comprehension abilities in Spanish and in English. Data from Spanish–English mothers of 93 preschool-age Head Start children who resided in central Pennsylvania were analyzed. Children completed the Picture Vocabulary and Oral Comprehension subtests of the Batería III Woodcock–Muñoz and the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement. Results revealed that the language spoken by mothers and children and the frequency of mother–child reading at home influenced children’s Spanish language abilities. In addition, the frequency with which children told a story was positively related to children’s performance on English oral language measures. Practice or Policy: The findings suggest that language and literacy experiences at home have a differential impact on DLLs’ language abilities in their 2 languages. Specific components of the home environment that benefit and support DLL children’s language abilities are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Personality Traits Are Associated With Cortical Development Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Structural MRI Study 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lia Ferschmann Anders M. Fjell Margarete E. Vollrath Håkon Grydeland Kristine B. Walhovd Christian K. Tamnes 《Child development》2018,89(3):811-822
How personality traits relate to structural brain changes in development is an important but understudied question. In this study, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were investigated in 99 participants aged 8–19 years. Follow‐up MRI data were collected after on average 2.6 years for 74 individuals. The Big Five personality traits were related to longitudinal regional CT or SA development, but limited cross‐sectional relations were observed. Conscientiousness, emotional stability, and imagination were associated with more age‐expected cortical thinning over time. The results suggest that the substantial individual variability observed in personality traits may partly be explained by cortical maturation across adolescence, implying a developmental origin for personality–brain relations observed in adults. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTLearning and teaching on physical university campuses have been enhanced by digital technology both in formally scheduled learning and teaching events and in the less formal spaces in which the higher education experience unfolds. The digital skills and know-how with which students arrive at university will arguably develop throughout the academic journey, though the extent to which they will underpin students’ growth into digital citizens, that is, confident and competent participants in a broader range of digitally enhanced social and professional communities, is likely to vary. The present article is the outcome of a research project which explored how students experience learning, teaching and communicating through digital technologies on a range of undergraduate courses at a UK university. Focus groups with fifty-five students in different years of study across twenty-three undergraduate courses revealed a nuanced understanding of the notion of ‘digital native’, yet a lack of readiness to link participation in digital spaces to digital citizenship and to articulate attributes of an effective participant in digital communities. The focus groups highlighted inconsistent alignment between personal, academic and professional digital spaces. They clearly signalled a need to explore further the commonalities and points of intersection between the three, moving beyond a skills mindset, and paying particular attention to the way in which participants in higher education construct and take up virtual identities, how they negotiate access to digital environments, the degree of control they are able and ready to exercise over digital spaces, and the contribution that universities can make to facilitate the complex developmental journeys towards digital citizenship. 相似文献
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Lia Voerman Paulien C. Meijer Fred A.J. Korthagen Robert Jan Simons 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2012
Contributing to the growing amount of literature on learning–enhancing feedback, this article attempts to distinguish between progress feedback and discrepancy feedback. Building on relevant literature drawn from psychology, we propose the use of a ratio of 3:1, positive:negative feedback. We analyzed contiguous 10 min blocks of classroom interactions from 78 teachers. Findings indicate that teachers seldom provide the types of feedback interventions identified as effective in enhancing learning in the course of typical classroom interactions. We examine potential explanations for this, discuss the consequences of this finding on teacher education and professional development, and offer several opportunities for future research. 相似文献
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运用管理学中的利益相关者分析理论,探索了研究生"三助"工作中研究生、导师、岗位聘用部门、管理部门各方的相互关系及存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。认为促进研究生"三助"工作的顺利发展,除了从制度、管理方面不断完善之外,还要充分调动各利益相关者的积极能动性,才能提高"三助"工作的实际成效。 相似文献
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安徽省出口商品地区分布存在一定程度的不平衡性,主要集中于亚洲的日本、东盟和中国香港地区,欧洲的欧盟和北美洲的美国。这反映出安徽省出口商品对传统出口目标市场依赖程度降低,出口市场日益分散化。传统市场出口集中度下降,但内部地区分布不均匀;新兴市场出口集中度和均匀度均提高。为此,安徽省需要深化出口市场多元化战略,采取切实可行的措施,优化出口商品地区分布。 相似文献
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Lia Blaj-Ward 《高等教育研究与发展》2011,30(6):697-708
The traditional ‘lone scholar’ view of an Arts and Humanities doctoral student sits uneasily with the skills-based discourse underpinning policies aimed at enhancing researcher development and employability. This paper reports on a case study of a research training programme for doctoral students in the Arts and Humanities at a UK university. It calls for the embedding of the generic skills agenda within a more clearly articulated pedagogic discourse and formulates four pedagogic principles for research training programme design. Additionally, the paper problematises the research trainer role and highlights the importance of paying attention to the students' own learning agendas and the learning value they are prepared to derive from training. 相似文献