Teachers’ Views on School Discipline: a theoretical framework     

Bruce Johnson  Victoria Whitington  Murray Oswald 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1994,24(2):261-276

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“I'm just not that great at science”: Science self-efficacy in arts and communication students     

Eileen McBride  W. Wyatt Oswald  Lindsey A. Beck  Amy Vashlishan Murray 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(4):597-622

Research in science education confirms the importance of self-efficacy in students' persistence and success in the sciences. The current study examined the role of science self-efficacy in nonspecialist, arts and communication-oriented students encountering science in a general education context. Participants (N = 275) completed a beginning- and end-of-semester survey including a Science Self-Efficacy Scale, a “connection to science” measure—the Inclusion of Science in Self Scale—and a Science Anxiety Scale. Participants also responded to two open-ended “sources of science efficacy” questions, and provided background/demographic information and access to their academic records. Results showed a significant increase in science self-efficacy and connection to science—although no change in science anxiety—over the course of the semester. The observed shift in self-efficacy for minority and international students was of particular note. These students started the course with lower confidence but, by the end of the semester, reported comparable science self-efficacy, and achieved similar grades to their White/Non-Hispanic and US resident classmates. Contrary to expectations, science self-efficacy did not predict performance in the class. However, students' self-reported sources of efficacy indicated increased confidence in using science in daily life, and confirmed the value of mastery experiences and of personally meaningful, student-centered course design in scaffolding student confidence. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and instructional factors that support science self-efficacy and student success in this unique, general education science environment.  相似文献   

Promoting schoolchildren’s self-esteem in physical education: testing the effectiveness of a five-month teacher training     

Benjamin Rubeli  Esther Oswald  Achim Conzelmann  Jürg Schmid  Stefan Valkanover 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2020,25(4):346-360

ABSTRACT

Background: Schoolchildren’s personality development is considered a central goal of physical education (PE). With regard to the relationship between psychological well-being and global self-esteem over the life course, the promotion of positive self-esteem is an issue of particular significance. Past research revealed that PE taught with an individualized teacher frame of reference (iTFR) and a reflexive teaching style is associated with positive effects on facets of children’s perceived sports competence. However, it remains an open question whether this teaching styles has the potential to promote positive self-esteem.

Purpose: The present study investigated whether a five-month teacher training, aimed to enhance the teachers’ iTFR and their reflexive teaching style in PE, has a positive effect on students’ perceived sports competence and their global self-esteem. To analyse the implementation quality, changes in students’ perceived iTFR and perceived reflexive teaching style were investigated.

Method: A total of 21 teachers were assigned to either an intervention group (n?=?13), receiving the five-month teacher training, or a control group (n?=?8) consisting of regular teaching without teacher training. The teacher training encompassed five three-hour consecutive sessions during which the teachers acquired theoretical and practical knowledge about the promotion of competence perceptions in PE with a reflexive teaching style and an iTFR. Between the sessions, the teachers were instructed to implement an iTFR and a reflexive teaching style into their own PE classes. To evaluate the effects of the teacher training, their students’ (N?=?315, 53.7% girls, M_age?=?13.2 y, SD_age?=?1.3 y) perceived teaching style (iTFR and reflexive teaching), perceived sports competence and global self-esteem were measured with paper-pencil questionnaires at three measurement points (pre, post and follow-up).

Findings: Linear mixed effect models showed that students of the intervention group reported an increase in their teachers’ reflexive teaching style, but there were no changes with regard to iTFR. With regard to students’ perceived sports competence and global self-esteem, there were significant interaction effects between time and group over a period of eight months (from pre-test to follow-up), indicating positive effects on these self-concept dimensions due to the teacher training.

Conclusion: The present study indicates that a long-term teacher training supports PE teachers to implement teaching styles with the aim to promote students’ self-concept. Furthermore, the findings lead to the assumption that a more pronounced iTFR in combination with an enhanced reflexive teaching style has the potential to positively influence schoolchildren’s perceived sports competence and global self-esteem.  相似文献   

Do 45% of College Students Lack Critical Thinking Skills? Revisiting a Central Conclusion of Academically Adrift     

David Lane  Frederick L. Oswald 《Educational Measurement》2016,35(3):23-25

The educational literature, the popular press, and educated laypeople have all echoed a conclusion from the book Academically Adrift by Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa (which has now become received wisdom), namely, that 45% of college students showed no significant gains in critical thinking skills. Similar results were reported by Pascarella, Blaich, Martin, and Hanson after the publication of Arum and Roksa's book in 2011. However, these authors' statistical tests were conducted incorrectly, and therefore this 45% finding is fundamentally untrue. We demonstrate that a correct statistical analysis would have found that far fewer students show significant gains in critical thinking. However, this does not reflect on student learning; instead, it reflects on how hard it is to find a statistically significant result when assessing student change on a student‐by‐student basis. This article discusses valid methods for testing the significance of gain scores of individual students.  相似文献   

Nonlinear multi-scale transforms: Lp theory     

Peter Oswald 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(5):1619-1636

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Difficult‐to‐manage Students: a survey of children who fail to respond to student discipline strategies in government schools     

Murray Oswald 《Educational studies》1995,21(2):265-276

Previous studies of discipline problems in junior primary and primary schools have indicated that the majority of behaviour management problems both inside and outside classrooms can be attributed to relatively small numbers of children who persist in difficult‐to‐manage behaviour. This study explored particular aspects of these children's behavioural characteristics, as reported from the results of a survey of principals from the majority of junior primary and primary schools in South Australia. The data summarised propose a tentative profile of these difficult‐to‐manage children, together with findings concerning the impact their behaviours have on the school staff. Suggestions are offered for more effectively meeting the demands and needs of these children.  相似文献   

Addressing South African Pre-service Teachers’ Sentiments,Attitudes and Concerns Regarding Inclusive Education     

Marietjie Oswald  Estelle Swart 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2011,58(4):389-403

This article recounts the findings of a study that investigated pre-service teachers’ attitudes and concerns regarding inclusive education and their degree of comfort when interacting with people with disabilities after completing courses on inclusive education. One hundred and eighty pre-service teachers from one higher education institution in South Africa completed the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Scale. They were all being prepared to teach at either the primary (41%) or secondary (59%) level of education. Pre-service teachers’ mean scores on the sentiments scale increased following the intervention (p < 0.001), as did the mean scores on the attitudes scale (p < 0.001). However, mean scores related to their concerns decreased (p = 0.01). With respect to the latter finding, as a result of the intervention the pre-service teachers became more worried about resources to support inclusive education (p < 0.001), the reality of large classes (p = 0.01) and their workload (p = 0.04). Recommendations based on the research findings are made, suggesting that the quality of courses on inclusive education should be enhanced in higher education institutions.  相似文献   

Engaging and training students in the development of inclusive learning materials for their peers     

Sally Everett  Gina Oswald 《Teaching in Higher Education》2018,23(7):802-817

With equal access requirements and increasing rates of enrolment of students with disabilities in higher education, universities must find appropriate and efficient ways to create accessible materials which benefit and support all students. In response to cuts to disability funding, issues relating to the provision of an inclusive curriculum are now dominating institutional policy and educational discourses. This paper reports on a trans-Atlantic project which utilised student employees to convert and develop inclusive learning materials for their peers, with the expressed purpose of piloting a sustainable intervention method generalisable to meeting similar needs of diverse universities for inclusive material provision and a future workforce aware of disability issues and accommodations. Qualitative in-depth interviews with ten students (eight UK and two US) find that involving student employees in the delivery of inclusive materials improves partnerships and attitudes around disability and accessibility measures.  相似文献   

网上语言学习与性别差异     

耿华  Wing Au  Murray Oswald  郭玲 《高教发展与评估》2004,(3)

网上语言学习作为一种时新学习趋势正在悄然兴起。在影响语言学习的各种因素中,性别差异毋庸置疑将被给予特别的重视。此研究从生理与认知差异的不同角度,分析了两性差别,并以分析这种差别对于网上语言学习所带来的对学习成果的影响为目的。此研究主要通过问卷调查的形式,样本来自50位大学在校学生和不同背景的社会在职人员。研究的结果表明性别差异的确在网上语言学习的质量方面起着重要的作用,并且对网上语言学习者和基于网上学习的研究者都有着重要的指导作用。　　Keywords:languagelearning;genderdiffer ence;web-basedlearning  相似文献   

Useful Bookshops     

Alphons Silberman  Jens A. Hertwig  Oswald Schbberl  Franz Josef Eilers  Medien Gesamtkonzeption  Dieter Breun 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):30-31

Alphons Silberman, Handwörterbuch der Massenkommunikation und Medienforschung [CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MASS COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA RESEARCH] (Berlin: Spiess, 1982, 506 pp. in 2 vols.—DM 48,).

Jens A. Hertwig &; Oswald Schbberl Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft: Forschungsdokumentation 1978-1980 [SCIENCE OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE: DOCUMENTATION OF RESEARCH 1978-1980] (Bonn: Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften 1982. 375 pp.—DM 48,- Address: Lennestr. 50, D-5300 Bonn 1).

[BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUSTRIAN MASS COMMUNICATION LITERATURE 1981]. (Vienna: osterreichisches Dokumentationszentrum fur Medien - und Kommunikationsforschung ADMAC 1982. XVI, 238 pp. —OS 150.- Address: Universitatsstr. 7, A-1010 Wien).

Franz Josef Eilers CHRISTIAN COMMUNICATION DIRECTORY ASIA Communicatio socialis. Beiheft 9. (Paderborn: Scii6ningh 1982. 1,036 pp.—DM 57,-).

Medien-Gesamtkonzeption. Bericht der Expertenkom mission fur eine Medien-Gesam tkonzep don [GLOBAL CONCEPTION OF THE MEDIA: REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF EXPERTS ON A GLOBAL CONCEPTION OF THE MEDIA] (Bern: Eidgenossisches Justiz-und Polizeidepartement 1982. LXI, 703 pp.—free on request from: Eidgen6ssische Drucksachen-und Materialzentrale, CH-3000 Bern).

Dieter Breun, Geschichte der literarischen Zensur in Deutschland [HISTORY OF LITERARY CENSORSHIP IN GERMANY] Uni-TaschenbUcher. 1208. (Heidelberg: Quelle &; Meyer 1982. 264 pp.—DM 26,80).

Klaus Wernecke &; Peter Heller, Der vergessene Führer: Alfred Hugenberg, Pressemacht und Nationalsozialismus [THE FORGOTTEN LEADER: ALFRED HUGENBERG, PRESS POWER AND NAZISM] (Hamburg: VSA-Verl. 1982. 231 pp.—DM 19,80).

Rudiger Liedtke, Die verschenkte Presse: Die Geschichte der Lizensierung von Zeitungen Hach 1945 [THE PRESS GIVEN AWAY: THE HISTORY OF PRESS LICENSING AFTER 1945] VAS. 14. (Berlin: Verl. rtir Studium und Ausbildung in der Elefanten Press 1982. 240 pp.—DM 24,80. Publisher's address: Zossener Str. 32, D-1000, Berlin 31).

Peter Brummond &; Peter Schwindt, Der Pressmark in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Oiratliche Aufgabe und privatwirtschaftliche Organisation der Presse [THE PRESS MARKET IN THE FRG: PUBITC- RESPONSIBILITY AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY OF THE PRESS].

Heinz-Willi Gross, Die Deutsche Presse-Agentur: Historische Analyse ihrer Organisations - und Machstruktur, externer Interessenverflechtungen und der Position auf dem bundesdeutschen Nachrichtenmarkt [THE GERMAN PRESS-AGENCY: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ORGANIZATION, ITS STRUCTURE OF POWER, THE COMPLEXITY OF EXTERNAL INTERESTS AND THE POSITION ON THE GERMAN MARKET OF NEWS] (Frankfurt: Haag Herchen 1982. 260 pp.—DM 26,80).

Christine B. Koerner, Entwicklung und Konzeption der Presse in Albanien und der albanesischen Exilpress [DEVELOPMENT AND CONCEPTION OF THE PRESS IN ALBANIA AND OF THE ALBANIAN EXILE PRESS]. Albanische Forschungen. Bd. 22. (Munchen: Trofenik 1982. XI, 534 pp.—DM 88,-).

Manfred Hagen, Die Entfaltungpolitischer Öffentlichkeit in Russland 1906-1914 [THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PUBLIC IN RUSSIA] = Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des 15stlichen Europa. 18. (Wiesbaden: Steiner 1982. X, 402 pp.— DM 90,-).

Hans J. Kleinstuber, Rundfunkpolitik in der Bundesrepublik: Der Kampf urn die Macht Aber HeSrfunk und Fernsehen [BROADCASTING POLITICS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC: THE QUARREL ABOUT THE CONTROL OF RADIO AND TV]. = Reihe Analysen. 32. (Opladen: Leske &; Budrich 1982. 184 pp.—DM 16,80).

Friedrich Kübler, Medienverfleichtung: Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung der Marktstrukturprobleme privaten Rundunks [MEDIA CONCENTRATION: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE MARKET STRUCTURE OF PRIVATE BROADCASTING] Beitrhe zum Rundf unkrecht. 26. (Frankfurt: Metzner 1982. 109pp.—DM 35,-).

Franz Ronneberger with Ulla Meister &; Manuela Reith, Neue Medien: Vorteile und Risiken fir die Struktur der demokratischen Gesellschaft und den Zusammenhalt der sozialen Gruppen. Eine Literaturstudie [NEW MEDIA: FAVOURS AND RISKS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY AND THE UNITY OF SOCIAL GROUPS] Schriften der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur COMNET. 1. (Konstanz: Universiatsverlag Konstanz 1982. 133 pp.—DM 38,-).

Michael Geisler, Die literarische Reportage in Deutschland: Möglichkeiten and Grenzen eines operativen Genres [THE LITERARY REPORT IN GERMANY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF A WORKING GENRE] Mongraphien Literaturwissenschaft. 53. (KOnigstein: Scriptor 1982. X, 428 pp.—DM 49,80).

Kristina Zerges, Sozialdemokratische Press und Literatur: Empirische Untersuchung zur Literaturvermittlung in der sozialdemokrati-Presse 1876 bis 1933 [SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PRESS AND LITERATURE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON LITERATURE IN THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PRESS FROM 1876 to 1933](Stuttgart: Metzler 1982. IX, 319 pp.—DM 58,-).

Erich Strassner, Fernsehnachrichten: Eine Produktions-, Produkt- und Rezeptionsanalyse [TELEVISION NEWS: AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION, PRODUCT AND RECEPTION] Medien in Forschung und Unterricht. Ser. A., Bd. 3. (Tilbingen: Niemeyer 1982. XIII, 531 pp.—DM 128,-).

Andreas-Rudolf Wosnitza, Fernsehnachrichten fur Kinder: Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme [TELEVISION NEWS FOR CHILDREN: A CRITICAL SURVEY] (Frankfurt: R.G. Fischer 1982. VIII, 274 pp.—DM 29,80).

Sabine Jörg, ed., Spaß für Millionen: Wie unterhält uns das Fernsehen? [AMUSEMENT FOR MILLION&; HOW DOES TELEVISION ENTERTAIN US?] (Berlin: Spiess, 1982. 178 pp.-DM 19,80).

Petra S. Hartmann-Laugs &; A. John Goss, Unterhaltung und Politik im Abendprogramm des DDRFernsehens [ENTERTAINMENT AND POLITICS IN THE NIGHTLY PROGRAM OF TELEVISION OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] Bibliothek Wissenschaft und Politik. 29. (KlIn: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik 1982. 238 pp.-DM 24,-).

Günter Bentele &; Robert Ruoff [HOW OBJECTIVE ARE OUR MEDIA?) Fischer Taschenbuch. 4228. (Frankfur Fischer 1982. 335 pp.-DM 14,80).

Klaus Berg &; Marie-Luise Kiefer [MASS COMMUNICATION 2: A PANEL STUDY OF MEDIA USE AND GRATIFICATION 1964-1980] Sci enreihe Media Perspektiven. 2. (Frankfurt: Me ner 1982. 237 pp.-DM 19,80).

Horst 0. Walker [THE PRESS- AND INFORMATION OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: A STUDY ON PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION, COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF THE PRESS- AND PR WORK OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT] (Frankfurt: Haag &; Herchen, 1982. 455 pp.-DM 58,-).

Heinz-Dietrich Fischer Auslandskorrespondenten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Status, Aufgaben, Arbeitsprobleme professioneller Presseberichterstatter aus Bonn [FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FRG: STATUS, TASKS, PROBLEMS OF WORK OF PROFESSIONAL PRESS REPORTERS FROM BONN] Journalismus. N. F. 16. (Dusseldorf: Droste 1982, 270 pp.—DM 68,-).  相似文献