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Heather J. Smith Haroon I. Sheikh Margaret W. Dyson Thomas M. Olino Rebecca S. Laptook C. Emily Durbin Elizabeth P. Hayden Shiva M. Singh Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2012,83(6):1932-1944
Effortful control (EC), or the trait‐like capacity to regulate dominant responses, has important implications for children’s development. Although genetic factors and parenting likely influence EC, few studies have examined whether they interact to predict its development. This study examined whether the DRD4 exon III variable number tandem repeat polymorphism moderated the relation between parenting and children’s EC. Three hundred and eighty‐two 3‐year‐olds and primary caregivers completed behavioral tasks assessing children’s EC and parenting. Children’s DRD4 genotypes moderated the relation between parenting and EC: Children with at least one 7‐repeat allele displayed lower EC in the context of negative parenting than children without this allele. These findings suggest opportunities for modifying early risk for low EC. 相似文献
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Research on social protest movements raises many complicated methodological issues. This article systematically explains the methodological quandaries the authors confronted when studying demonstrations and online and offline activism by ethnic Turks in Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands in support of the Gezi Park protesters in Turkey. It explains how participants were recruited and surveyed in this complex and extremely sensitive environment. It offers lessons learned that can be applied to other studies involving surveys of ethnic minorities engaged in social protest movements. More generally, they may also apply to surveys of any vulnerable population about sensitive issues. 相似文献
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The World Wide Web has been growing in leaps and bounds. Studies have indicated that this massive distributed system can benefit greatly by making use of appropriate caching methods. Intelligent Web caching can lessen the burden on Web servers, improves its performance and at the same time reduces the network traffic. 相似文献
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Shiva Imani Moghadasi Sri Devi Ravana Sudharshan N. Raman 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(2):301-312
For a system-based information retrieval evaluation, test collection model still remains as a costly task. Producing relevance judgments is an expensive, time consuming task which has to be performed by human assessors. It is not viable to assess the relevancy of every single document in a corpus against each topic for a large collection. In an experimental-based environment, partial judgment on the basis of a pooling method is created to substitute a complete assessment of documents for relevancy. Due to the increasing number of documents, topics, and retrieval systems, the need to perform low-cost evaluations while obtaining reliable results is essential. Researchers are seeking techniques to reduce the costs of experimental IR evaluation process by the means of reducing the number of relevance judgments to be performed or even eliminating them while still obtaining reliable results. In this paper, various state-of-the-art approaches in performing low-cost retrieval evaluation are discussed under each of the following categories; selecting the best sets of documents to be judged; calculating evaluation measures, both, robust to incomplete judgments; statistical inference of evaluation metrics; inference of judgments on relevance, query selection; techniques to test the reliability of the evaluation and reusability of the constructed collections; and other alternative methods to pooling. This paper is intended to link the reader to the corpus of ‘must read’ papers in the area of low-cost evaluation of IR systems. 相似文献
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Shiva Krishna Katkam Liza Rajasekhar Fathima S. D. Tasneem Vijay Kumar Kutala 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):59
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which is characterized by dysregulation of various cytokines propagating the inflammatory processes that is responsible for tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most important immunoregulatory cytokines that has been implicated in the different autoimmune diseases including SLE. Two hundred and two patients with SLE and 318 controls were included in the study. The TNF-α gene promoter region (from − 250 to − 1000 base pairs) was analyzed by direct Sanger’s DNA sequencing method to find promoter variants associated with South Indian SLE patients. We have analyzed six TNF-α genetic polymorphisms including, − 863C/A (rs1800630), − 857C/T (rs1799724), − 806C/T (rs4248158), − 646G/A (rs4248160), − 572A/C (rs4248161) and − 308G/A (rs1800629) in both SLE patients and controls. We did not find association of TNF-α gene promoter SNPs with SLE patients. However, the − 863A (rs1800630) allele showed association with lupus nephritis phenotype in patients with SLE (OR: 1.62, 95%CI 1.04–2.53, P = 0.034). We found serum TNF-α level was significantly elevated in SLE cases as compared to control and found no association with any of the polymorphisms. The haplotype analysis revealed a significant protective association between the wild TNF-α alleles at positions − 863C, − 857C, − 806C, − 646G, − 572A and − 308G (CCCGAG) haplotype with lupus nephritis phenotype (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.82, P = 0.004). Additionally, the TNF-α − 863 C/A (rs1800630) polymorphism and HLA-DRB1*07 haplotype showed significant differences between SLE patients and controls (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.73–13.29, P = 0.0009). In conclusion, TNF-α − 863A allele (rs1800630) polymorphism is associated with increased risk of nephritis in South Indian SLE patients. We also found an interaction between HLA-DRB1*07 allele with TNF-α − 863 C/A promoter polymorphism giving supportive evidence for the tight linkage disequilibrium between TNF-α promoter SNPs and MHC class II DRB1 alleles. 相似文献
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This paper explores how mathematicians build meaning through communicative activity involving talk, gesture and diagram. In
the course of describing mathematical concepts, mathematicians use these semiotic resources in ways that blur the distinction
between the mathematical and physical world. We shall argue that mathematical meaning of eigenvectors depends strongly on
both time and motion—hence, on physical interpretations of mathematical abstractions—which are dimensions of thinking that
are typically deliberately absent from formal, written definition of the concept. We shall also show how gesture and talk
contribute differently and uniquely to mathematical conceptualisation and further elaborate the claim that diagrams provide
an essential mediating role between the two. 相似文献
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With the net enrollment ratio in primary education in Nepal at 94%, most children are in the school system, but the system
fails to ensure that all enrolled children will continue in school cycle and complete primary education of acceptable quality.
Given the system’s poor internal efficiency, Nepal is not likely to achieve the MDG and EFA goals of universal primary education
by 2015. This article examines the status of universal primary education in Nepal in the light of legal provisions, enrollment
and completion trends, and the quality, and management, of education, including financing. It highlights progress made, issues
encountered, and some key lessons learned during the past decade. It examines the efforts to make primary education inclusive
in terms of social and gender equity. The review of progress toward Education for All underscores that fulfilling the right
to education in terms of adequate quality of services and learning outcomes requires sustained efforts and commitment from
the government and local community in several priority action areas related to policies, achieving quality with equity, and
educational management. 相似文献