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James Rye 《Journal of Research in Reading》1985,8(2):94-105
Four types of study relating to the sensitivity of cloze to intersentential constraint are reviewed: (1) factor analytical and correlational studies; (2) studies which varied the length of available context; (3) studies which varied the mode of presentation; (4) studies which varied the quality of coherent context. Many of the investigations failed to provide convincing evidence that cloze is sensitive to intersentential constraint. However, this could be explained in part by weaknesses in the studies themselves. The factor analytical and correlational studies often failed to employ an adequate measure of global comprehension. While other studies demonstrated the importance of immediate context they did not specifically address the question of intersentential constraint. Quality of context needs to be considered separately from length of context. The quality of context studies provided conflicting results. Again, some of these investigations have serious weaknesses which tend to prejudice the results. The most reliable recent studies suggest that cloze is sensitive to intersentential constraint. Finally, tentative recommendations are made for establishing testing conditions which are most likely to encourage the use of intersentential constraint. 相似文献
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To Advise,You Must Communicate 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two different types of interviews—one that did (POSTICM) and one that did not (POSTI) embed a concept-mapping process—to elicit students' postinstructional understandings about chlorofluorocarbons and their role in global atmospheric change (GAC). A chief criterion measure was accordance, the degree to which students held the ideal postinstructional understanding set forth in a teacher-expert concept map. After GAC instruction that included concept-mapping activities, 34 eighth-grade science students were assigned randomly to groups and completed either POSTICM or POSTI. These students and their teacher also completed relatedness ratings of central concepts from the teacher-expert map. The Knowledge Network Organizing Tool™ was used to transform relatedness ratings to Pathfinder networks and compare nets to yield a student to teacher similarity index (Pathfinder index). Regression analysis revealed that type of interview did not predict accordance. However, most POSTICM students perceived the concept-mapping interview component to be helpful and affect positively their answers to the interview questions. The Pathfinder index did predict (p = .003) accordance—the Pathfinder index was a reliable confirmatory measure of the degree to which students held the ideal postinstructional understanding. J Res Sci Teach 35: 521–546, 1998. 相似文献
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James A. Rye Samuel J. Zizzi Elizabeth A. Vitullo Nancy O'Hara Tompkins 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2005,14(5-6):521-531
The United States is experiencing an obesity epidemic: A science-technology-society public health issue tied to our built
environment, which is characterized by heavy dependence on automobiles and reduced opportunities to walk and bicycle for transportation.
This presents an informal science education opportunity within “science in personal and social perspectives' to use pedometer
technology for enhancing students' understandings about human energy balance. An exploratory study was conducted with 29 teachers
to investigate how pedometers could be used for providing academic enrichment to secondary students participating in after-school
Health Sciences and Technology Academy clubs. Frequency analysis revealed that the pedometer activities often investigated
kilocalorie expenditure and/or incorporated hypothesis testing/experimenting. Teachers' perspectives on learning outcomes
most frequently conveyed that students increased their awareness of the importance of health habits relative to kilocalorie
intake and expenditure. Pedometers have considerable merit for the regular science curriculum as they allow for numerous mathematics
applications and inquiry learning and target concepts such as energy and equilibrium that cut across the National Science Education Standards. Pedometers and associated resources on human energy balance are important tools that science teachers can employ in helping
schools respond to the national call to prevent childhood obesity. 相似文献
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Todd I. Ensign James A. Rye Melissa J. Luna 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2017,26(6):646-656
Research indicates that preservice teacher (PT) education programs can positively impact perceptions of scientific probeware use in K-8 environments. Despite the potential of probeware to improve science instruction and student engagement, its use in elementary education has been limited. Sixty-seven PT enrolled across three sections of an elementary science methods course participated in a mixed-methods study through which they utilized probeware in a thematic experience on ocean acidification. One-way repeated measures ANOVA of pre and post survey data measuring subscales of utility, ability, and intent to use probeware demonstrated a statistically significant increase with medium to large effect sizes for all subscales across all sections \( \left(p<0.01,\kern0.5em {\eta}_p^2=0.384;\kern0.5em p<0.001,\kern0.5em {\eta}_p^2=0.517;\kern0.0em p<0.001,\kern0.0em {\eta}_p^2=0.214\right) \). Analysis of reflective journals revealed over 60% felt the multiple capabilities (notably graphing) of probeware make it a useful classroom tool, and almost one-half believed that its use makes science more enjoyable and engaging. Mapping of the unitized data from the journals on the Next Generation Science Standards suggested that probeware use especially engages learners in planning and carrying out investigations and in analyzing and interpreting data. Journals also revealed that despite PT having prior experience with probeware in science courses, its use in their future elementary classroom is conditional on having a positive experience with probeware in a science methods course. Further, embedding a probeware experience in a unit on ocean acidification provides PT with strategies for addressing climate change and engaging in argument from evidence. 相似文献