Understanding the Information Needs of Academic Scholars in Agricultural and Biological Sciences   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Pali U. Kuruppu  Anne Marie Gruber   《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2006,32(6):609-623

This study investigates the information needs of faculty and graduate students in agricultural and biological sciences. Qualitative research methods, interviews and focus groups, were used to examine what types of information these scholars need for their research, teaching and learning, how they seek that information, and perceptions. The implications for library service are discussed.  相似文献   

Policy change in Austrian higher education: indications of a new approach     

Karl Heinz Gruber 《Higher Education》1991,21(4):607-619

Despite significant expansion in participation over the last three decades, Austrian higher education has been slow to change either its elitist self-concept or structure. But, as is the case elsewhere, the Austrian academic community is beginning to be confronted with such concepts as efficiency, strategic planning, deregulation, and performance evaluation. Inadequate admission policies, extreme overcrowding, and high dropout rates are but three factors placing pressure on Austrian higher education to reform. The system is not only in need of increased budget allocations, but also requires new policies to guide it into the 21st Century.  相似文献   

Group Membership Influences More Social Identification Than Social Learning or Overimitation in Children     

Thibaud Gruber  Amélie Deschenaux  Aurélien Frick  Fabrice Clément 《Child development》2019,90(3):728-745

Group membership is a strong driver of everyday life in humans, influencing similarity judgments, trust choices, and learning processes. However, its ontogenetic development remains to be understood. This study investigated how group membership, age, sex, and identification with a team influenced 39- to 60-month-old children (N = 94) in a series of similarity, trust, and learning tasks. Group membership had the most influence on similarity and trust tasks, strongly biasing choices toward in-groups. In contrast, prior experience and identification with the team were the most important factors in the learning tasks. Finally, overimitation occurred most when the children's team, but not the opposite, displayed meaningless actions. Future work must investigate how these cognitive abilities combine during development to facilitate cultural processes.  相似文献   

Distance education for aboriginal communities in Canada: Past experience and future potential     

Steve Gruber  Gary Coldevin 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(3):48-61

Abstract

Past experience with an industrial, classroom‐based educational model for aboriginal students has revealed severe limitations that have resulted in secondary graduation levels far below those of the Canadian population in general. Distance education has the potential to redress many of the traditional model's inherent weaknesses, including the reduction of problems associated with cultural assimilation. Distance education also has the potential to enhance the multimedia resources of band‐controlled schools, schools that have shown good promise in raising retention and attainment rates. This article reviews the current situation pertaining to education in Canadian aboriginal communities, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of two distance education programs for aboriginals, and concludes with key guidelines for future distance education endeavors.  相似文献   

Relationship of blood cholesterol to body composition, physical fitness, and dietary intake measures in third-grade children and their parents     

Hopper CA  Gruber MB  Munoz KD  MacConnie SE  Pfingston YM  Nguyen K 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(2):182-188

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Government and Polling: Use and Impact of Polls in the Policy-Making Process in Switzerland     

Rothmayr  Christine; Hardmeier  Sibylle 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2002,14(2):123-140

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Synthetic biology in the view of European public funding organisations     

Pei L  Gaisser S  Schmidt M 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2012,21(2):149-162

We analysed the decisions of major European public funding organisations to fund or not to fund synthetic biology (SB) and related ethical, legal and social implication (ELSI) studies. We investigated the reaction of public organisations in six countries (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the U.K.) towards SB that may influence SB's further development in Europe. We examined R&D and ELSI communities and their particular funding situation. Our results show that the funding situation for SB varies considerably among the analysed countries, with the U.K. as the only country with an established funding scheme for R&D and ELSI that successfully integrates these research communities. Elsewhere, we determined a general lack of funding (France), difficulties in funding ELSI work (Switzerland), lack of an R&D community (Austria), too small ELSI communities (France, Switzerland, Netherlands), or difficulties in linking existing communities with available funding sources (Germany), partly due to an unclear SB definition.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Sibylle Gruber  Jean Boreen 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(1):5-7

This article shows that an awareness of students' use of their own experiences and a consistent promotion of critical literacy skills throughout a child's, adolescent's, and adult's life strengthens awareness of the social, political, economic, and cultural implications of education. The article expands on John Dewey's (1938) theory of experience as the means and goal of education to show that middle school and college graduate students use their different levels of both personal and academic experience to respond to and interpret similar issues in the same text. Specifically, the authors discuss their use of Roald Dahl's (1983) The Witches to show how teachers might approach a children's book as the backdrop for teaching different age groups an increased awareness of gender issues, the effects of stereotyping, and the influence of popular culture on students' lives. They argue that educators need to use creative teaching strategies to provide opportunities for students at all educational levels to expand their literacy skills. The final section of the paper provides possible ways in which teachers can use literary texts at various levels to engage students not only with the material itself but also connect the text with their personal/ professional experiences and their own literacies.  相似文献   

A Cross-cultural Study of the Development of Artistic Talent,Creativity and Giftedness     

Susan M. Rostan  David Pariser  Howard E. Gruber 《High Ability Studies》2002,13(2):125-155

In this study, examining the relationships among age, culture, training in the fine arts, the technical and aesthetic properties of drawings, and realized artistic giftedness, the researchers intermixed the juvenile drawings executed by critically acclaimed artists with artworks executed by contemporary North American and Chinese North American children. When judges from the North American culture and from the Chinese North American culture, blind to this mix, assessed the drawings, assessments made by the representatives of both cultures were more alike than they were different. Only the North American judges' assessments, however, suggest that the art students' life drawings were more technically and aesthetically successful, and more creative, on the average, than the non-art students' drawings. These judges also gave the juvenilia the highest scores in technical skill and the lowest scores in creativity independent of technical skill and aesthetic success. Conclusions and implications stress the role of technical skill in the development of artistic potential.  相似文献   

Joint work is not shifted proximally after a long run in rearfoot strike runners     

Jake A. Melaro  Allison H. Gruber 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):78-83

ABSTRACT

Distal-to-proximal redistribution of joint work occurs following exhaustive running in recreational but not competitive runners but the influence of a submaximal run on joint work is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess if a long submaximal run produces a distal-to-proximal redistribution of positive joint work in well-trained runners. Thirteen rearfoot striking male runners (weekly distance: 72.6 ± 21.2 km) completed five running trials while three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected before and after a long submaximal treadmill run (19 ± 6 km). Joint kinetics were calculated from these data and percent contributions of joint work relative to total lower limb joint work were computed. Moderate reductions in absolute negative ankle work (p = 0.045, Cohen’s d = 0.31), peak plantarflexor torque (p = 0.004, d = 0.34) and, peak negative ankle power (p = 0.005, d = 0.32) were observed following the long run. Positive ankle, knee and hip joint work were unchanged (p < 0.05) following the long run. These findings suggest no proximal shift in positive joint work in well-trained runners after a prolonged run. Runner population, running pace, distance, and relative intensity should be considered when examining changes in joint work following prolonged running.  相似文献