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Addressing the reasons for—and the solutions to—the “digital divide” has been on the public agenda since the emergence of the Internet. However, the term has meant quite different things, depending on the audience and the context, and these competing interpretations may in fact orient toward different policy outcomes. The goals of this article are twofold. First, the authors unpack the term “digital divide” and examine how it has been deployed and interpreted across a range of academic and policy discourses. Second, through a framing experiment embedded within a nationally representative survey, the authors demonstrate how presenting respondents with two different conceptual frames of the digital divide may lead to different perceptions of who is most accountable for addressing the issue. From this, they discuss the dynamic relationship between the construction and communication of policy discourse and the public understanding of the digital divide, as well as implications for effective communication about the digital divide and information and communication technology policy to the general public. 相似文献
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Information Architecture is a part of Information Technology Architecture, and has attracted interest through e-business and e-government initiatives as well as through the general popularity of Service Oriented Architecture. In many ways there is nothing new about Information Technology Architecture; however both public and private sector organisations are becoming freshly receptive to talking about the strategic shaping of Information Technology using the language of Architecture. Information Architecture is a core responsibility of Information Technology management, and is as much organisational as technical, drawing on the breadth of the Information Systems field. This paper reviews the literature on Information Architecture to bring together a number of key issues within an overarching architectural perspective. It argues that its current topicality offers Information Systems practitioners a renewed opportunity and mandate to pursue an Information Architecture strategy, and offers academics a renewed incentive to research this area. 相似文献
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Research in Higher Education - Recent research conducted at numerous universities has found evidence of instructor-gender differences in student evaluations of teaching (SET). This paper examines... 相似文献
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Dmitry V. Ushakov 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(4):337-344
The history of Olympics of the mind in the former USSR, now Russia, can be connected to the entire system of identifying and fostering giftedness within the country. The development of educational opportunities for the gifted has reflected the country's practical needs in stimulating research and advancing technologically, as well as for major ideological requirements.A research done on over 800 participants in the final round of a Moscow intellectual competition is reported. Tests assessing intelligence, creativity, and personality were administered. The consistency of Olympics' results scales is found to be weak. The APM score correlation with Olympics' results, even in mathematics, did not exceed the value of r = .30. 相似文献
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Yuriy G. Shckorbatov Vladimir N. Pasiuga Elena I. Goncharuk Tatiana Ph. Petrenko Valentin A. Grabina Nicolay N. Kolchigin Dmitry D. Ivanchenko Victor N. Bykov Oleksandr M. Dumin 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(10):801-805
To investigate the influence of microwave radiation on the human fibroblast nuclei, the effects of three variants of electromagnetic
wave polarization, linear and left-handed and right-handed elliptically polarized, were examined. Experimental conditions
were: frequency (f) 36.65 GHz, power density (P) at the surface of exposed object 1, 10, 30, and 100 μW/cm2, exposure time 10 s. Human fibroblasts growing in a monolayer on a cover slide were exposed to microwave electromagnetic
radiation. The layer of medium that covered cells during microwave exposure was about 1 mm thick. Cells were stained immediately
after irradiation by 2% (w/v) orcein solution in 45% (w/v) acetic acid. Experiments were made at room temperature (25 °C),
and control cell samples were processed in the same conditions. We assessed heterochromatin granule quantity (HGQ) at 600×
magnification. Microwave irradiation at the intensity of 1 μW/cm2 produced no effect, and irradiation at the intensities of 10 and 100 μW/cm2 induced an increase in HGQ. More intense irradiation induced more chromatin condensation. The right-handed elliptically polarized
radiation revealed more biological activity than the left-handed polarized one. 相似文献
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Jacquelyn A. Brown Virginia Pensabene Dmitry A. Markov Vanessa Allwardt M. Diana Neely Mingjian Shi Clayton M. Britt Orlando S. Hoilett Qing Yang Bryson M. Brewer Philip C. Samson Lisa J. McCawley James M. May Donna J. Webb Deyu Li Aaron B. Bowman Ronald S. Reiserer John P. Wikswo 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(5)
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical structure that serves as the gatekeeper between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It is the responsibility of the BBB to facilitate the entry of required nutrients into the brain and to exclude potentially harmful compounds; however, this complex structure has remained difficult to model faithfully in vitro. Accurate in vitro models are necessary for understanding how the BBB forms and functions, as well as for evaluating drug and toxin penetration across the barrier. Many previous models have failed to support all the cell types involved in the BBB formation and/or lacked the flow-created shear forces needed for mature tight junction formation. To address these issues and to help establish a more faithful in vitro model of the BBB, we have designed and fabricated a microfluidic device that is comprised of both a vascular chamber and a brain chamber separated by a porous membrane. This design allows for cell-to-cell communication between endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes and independent perfusion of both compartments separated by the membrane. This NeuroVascular Unit (NVU) represents approximately one-millionth of the human brain, and hence, has sufficient cell mass to support a breadth of analytical measurements. The NVU has been validated with both fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran diffusion and transendothelial electrical resistance. The NVU has enabled in vitro modeling of the BBB using all human cell types and sampling effluent from both sides of the barrier. 相似文献
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Dmitry I. Belov 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2015,52(4):437-456
The statistical analysis of answer changes (ACs) has uncovered multiple testing irregularities on large‐scale assessments and is now routinely performed at testing organizations. However, AC data has an uncertainty caused by technological or human factors. Therefore, existing statistics (e.g., number of wrong‐to‐right ACs) used to detect examinees with aberrant ACs capitalize on the uncertainty, which may result in a large Type I error. In this article, the information about ACs is used only for the partitioning of administered items into two disjoint subtests: items where ACs did not occur, and items where ACs did occur. A new statistic is based on the difference in performance between these subtests (measured as Kullback–Leibler divergence between corresponding posteriors of latent traits), where, in order to avoid the uncertainty, only final responses are used. One of the subtests can be filtered such that the asymptotic distribution of the statistic is chi‐square with one degree of freedom. In computer simulations, the presented statistic demonstrated a strong robustness to the uncertainty and higher detection rates in contrast to two popular statistics based on wrong‐to‐right ACs. 相似文献
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