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This study explored the relationship among pre-reading skills, language proficiency, and visual perceptual abilities in 150
children who had been exposed to both English and Arabic (mean age 70 months). Information regarding language proficiency
was gathered indirectly through reports from teachers and parents and directly through children’s test performance. Consequently,
the children were divided into three language dominance groups: stronger in Arabic, stronger in English, or equally strong
in both English and Arabic. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the pre-literacy skills (visual processing
skills, phonological processes, and orthographic knowledge) differed across the three groups and were correlated with langauge
dominance. No significant relationships were found between language dominance and tasks that pertained to phonological awareness
skills, which may support the notion of the transfer of phonological processing skills between languages. Visual processing
and visual memory skills did not differ across language groups, a finding which was expected, as these functions do not directly
pertain to language dominance. However, overall the groups did better on the English orthographic task than on the Arabic
orthography, perhaps because they found Arabic print more visually confusing and demanding than English. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the chaos control problem of a new multi-scroll chaotic system. Two nonlinear control methods are studied, namely high-order and predictive types of control. The proposed methodologies offer the possibility of stabilizing unstable periodic orbits and unstable equilibrium points from the state equations. For this purpose, we apply the high-order control method for stabilizing a desired unstable periodic orbit, while the predictive control method is applied for stabilization problem of unstable equilibrium points. In particular, these approaches are effective and easy to be implemented since we only need to apply small perturbations to the system dynamics. The multi-scroll Chen system is used as representative example to show the working principle of these methods. Numerical simulation results indicate the potential engineering applications of the proposed control methods for various multi-scroll chaos-based practical applications. 相似文献
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