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1.
Narayan Lal Kachhara 《美中教育评论》2011,(3):370-383
Dualism is one of the views concerning the nature of mind. Arguments have been forwarded for and against dualism. Western philosophy lacks a clear distinction between soul and mind. Closely related to the concept of mind is the question of consciousness, a clear view of which has also eluded the westem thinkers. Jain philosophy describes ＂jiva＂ （soul） as the sentient substance, which is non-physical and not sense-perceptible; consciousness and ＂upayoga＂ （manifestation） are the differentia of ＂jiva＂. Consciousness manifests itself in many ways： intelligence, intuition, conation, bliss, perception （cognitive elements）, emotions, will, attitude and behavior, awareness of pleasure and pain. Jain distinguishes between soul and mind. The mind does not possess consciousness, which is the exclusive property of soul. Mind like soul is not permanent entity, and it exists only when consciousness manifests as thoughts, beliefs, desires, emotions and feelings. All these activities are influenced by karma, which is interface between soul and mind. Our existence is seen to be at three levels： soul, mind and body. Soul is the source of intelligence; mind （subtle body） is the executive and regulatory body and material body is the place of physical actions. A model of interactions between these three units is presented. The soul perceives and knows the external world through mind, so the perceptions made by soul are influenced by mind. The relationship between brain and mind is discussed. The brain is seen as the center for information storage and processing, its activity is regulated by mind, which in turn is conditioned by the soul. The conscious experience is made by the soul, not the mind. The Jain model of soul, mind and body avoids all objections raised against dualism, as interaction between soul and karma body （unconscious part of mind） is assumed to be based on parallelism, and that between mind and body is through radiations not violating the law of conservation of energy. 相似文献
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Bhupendra Pal Singh Shailendra Dwivedi Urmila Dhakad Ramesh Chandra Murthy Vimal Kumar Choubey Apul Goel Satya Narayan Sankhwar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(1):50-56
Deficiency or excess of certain trace elements has been considered as risk factor for prostate cancer. This study was aimed to detect differential changes and mutual correlations of selected trace elements in prostate cancer tissue versus benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. Zinc, copper, iron, calcium and selenium were analysed in histologically proven 15 prostate cancer tissues and 15 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Unpaired two tailed t test/Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to compare the level of trace elements, elemental ratios and their interrelations. As compared to benign prostatic tissue, malignant prostatic tissue had significantly lower selenium (p = 0.038) and zinc (p = 0.043) concentrations, a lower zinc/iron ratio (p = 0.04) and positive correlation of selenium with zinc (r = 0.71, p = 0.02) and iron (r = 0.76, p = 0.009). Considerably divergent interrelationship of elements and elemental ratios in prostate cancer versus benign prostatic hyperplasia was noted. Understanding of differential elemental changes and their interdependence may be useful in defining the complex metabolic alterations in prostate carcinogenesis with potential for development of element based newer diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies. Further studies may be needed to elucidate this complex relationship between trace elements and prostate carcinogenesis. 相似文献
3.
Miller PR Gittard SD Edwards TL Lopez DM Xiao X Wheeler DR Monteiro-Riviere NA Brozik SM Polsky R Narayan RJ 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(1):13415
In this study, carbon fiber electrodes were incorporated within a hollow microneedle array, which was fabricated using a digital micromirror device-based stereolithography instrument. Cell proliferation on the acrylate-based polymer used in microneedle fabrication was examined with human dermal fibroblasts and neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes. Studies involving full-thickness cadaveric porcine skin and trypan blue dye demonstrated that the hollow microneedles remained intact after puncturing the outermost layer of cadaveric porcine skin. The carbon fibers underwent chemical modification in order to enable detection of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; electrochemical measurements were demonstrated using integrated electrode-hollow microneedle devices. 相似文献
4.
Everybody is familiar with the ubiquitous term ‘species’. But what is a species? Undeniably, this is one of the most complex dilemmas in the history of biology. There is no other concept in biology as elementary yet controversial as the concept of species. In practice, a species is regarded as the fundamental unit of comparison in all biological disciplines like systematics, evolution, ecology, ethology, physiology, and genetics. However, little agreement exists in the scientific community regarding the nature of species, whether it is a real entity or a cultural artifact, its biological significance or how to delineate a species. This article is a review of the seemingly endless debate on the species concept and its implications. 相似文献
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2012 has been awarded to Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka for their studies on G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are receptor proteins present on the cell surface, which are involved in sensing molecules outside the cell and initiating a cellular response. They can sense a wide variety of ligands ranging from light to hormones and small peptides, triggering various physiological responses. Today we understand the molecular mechanisms by which these receptors work largely due to the contributions of Lefkowitz and Kobilka. Owing to the role of GPCRs in cell communication and involvement in various disease conditions, they are targets of over 40% of current drugs in the market. These findings have not only revealed how GPCRs work, but have also made a huge impact on the field of GPCR-associated drug discovery. 相似文献
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Suvidya H. Ranade Ashraf Hossani D. N. Deobagkar D. D. Deobagkar B. A. Chopade Pramod S. Khandekar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):142-149
We report complete sequences of 2 genes of S.flexneri 1a an Indian isolate for the first time. Shigella is causative agent
of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. Genomic library was constructed by shotgun approach. Sequencing was carried out using
Big Dye terminator chemistry using ABI 3730 48 capillary DNA analyzer. 170 recombinants were subjected to nucleotide sequencing.
Sequence data was analyzed, of these 2 clones showed presence of complete genes out of the total clones sequenced. Annotations
were done using various bioinformatics tools. Gene Sfo676 on contig SF21B11, 513 bp long codes for a protein 170 aa long with
molecular weight of 18836.5 daltons. The protein is 99 % identical to S. flexneri 2a 301 and not with any other strain of
Shigella. It has 7 different sites for phosphorylation, myristoylation and glycosylation. Predicted cellular localization
is cytoplasmic membrane. SF0368 is another full-length gene SF0368 on contig SF69C1 is a 312 nucleotide long. It is 103 aa
long with molecular weight 11394.0 daltons. Protein is 100% identical to S. flexneri 2a 301 and 99% with S. sonnei strain
046. The gene shows difference when compared with S.sonnei in mono and dinucleotide frequency as well as amino acid composition. 相似文献
8.
This meta-analytic review (k = 5–10; N = 258–895) examined links between attachment insecurity and physiological activity at baseline and in response to interpersonal stress elicited by separation–reunion procedures in the early life course (1–5 years). Insecurity was trivially, nonsignificantly associated with baseline physiological activity (heart rate [HR]: g = −.06; respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]: g = −.06; cortisol: g = .01) and nonsignificantly associated with physiological reactivity to separation from parents (HR: g = −.001; RSA: g = .24). However, insecurity was moderately associated with heightened RSA (g = .26) and cortisol (g = .27) reactivity upon reunion with parents. Findings provide insight into the biobehavioral organization of attachment, suggesting that early insecurity is associated with heightened physiological reactivity to interpersonal stress. 相似文献
9.
Santosh Kumar Singh Achyut Narayan Kesari Prashant Kumar Rai Geeta Watal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(2):48-52
The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats.
The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration
in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during
glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results
were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic
effect. 相似文献
10.
Rapid extinction of species is one of the most serious ecological problems faced by humanity today. Species are disappearing
at a pace unprecedented in the history of the planet putting the very future of life at risk. The irony is that the root of
the crisis is another species, Homo sapiens rather than some physical events that is poised to threaten its own survival. This article gives a brief introduction to
the crisis, its consequences and possible mitigation strategies. 相似文献