The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children     

Jonathan S. Jones  Anna-Lynne R. Adlam  Abdelmalek Benattayallah  Fraser N. Milton 《Child development》2022,93(3):815-830

Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10–14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK; 2015–2016). Training improved working memory performance and increased intrinsic functional connectivity between the bilateral intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, improvements in working memory were associated with greater recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus on a complex span task. Repeated engagement of fronto-parietal regions during training may increase their activity and functional connectivity over time, affording greater working memory performance. The plausibility of generalizable cognitive benefits from a neurobiological perspective and implications for neurodevelopmental theory are discussed.  相似文献   

Could knee joint mechanics during the golf swing be contributing to chronic knee injuries in professional golfers?     

Howie Carson  Jim Richards  Simon G. S. Coleman 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1575-1584

ABSTRACT

Full three-dimensional movements and external moments in golfers’ knees and the possible involvement in injuries have not been evaluated using motion capture at high sample frequencies. This study measured joint angles and external moments around the three anatomical axes in both knees of 10 professional golfers performing golf drives whilst standing on two force plates in a motion capture laboratory. Significant differences were found in the knee joint moments between the lead and trail limbs for the peak values and throughout all stages during the swing phase. A significantly higher net abduction moment impulse was seen in the trail limb compared with the lead limb (?0.518 vs. ?0.135 Nms.kg^?1), indicating greater loading over the whole swing, which could contribute to knee lateral compartment or anterior cruciate ligament injuries. A significant correlation (r = ?0.85) between clubhead speed at ball contact and maximum joint moment was found, with the largest correlations being found for joint moments at the top of the backswing event and at the end of the follow-through. Therefore, although knee moments can contribute to high clubhead speeds, the large moments and impulses suggest that they may also contribute to chronic knee injuries or exacerbate existing conditions.  相似文献   

Carnosine in health and disease     

Guilherme Giannini Artioli  Craig Sale  Rebecca Louise Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):30-39

Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Ronald J. Zboray  Anita A. Jones  Shirley Kessel  Clarkson N. Potter  Megan Benton  William A. Wortman  Barbara Kiefer  Richard C. Rowson 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(4):86-106

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“Gorilla Trails in Paradise”: Carl Akeley,Mary Bradley,and the American Search for the Missing Link     

Jeannette Eileen Jones 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2006,29(3):321-336

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Editors' Foreword     

Kathy Merlock Jackson  William M. Jones 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2004,27(2):129-129

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Are copy editors an endangered species?     

Simon Dunton  Audrey D. Melkin 《Learned Publishing》2003,16(4):309-315

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Comment & Response     

Matthew James Simon  Mary K. Bolin 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2008,34(6):551-552

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A focus on quality--the library's role in occurrence screening     

Howell PB  Jones CJ 《Medical reference services quarterly》1993,12(2):83-89

One of the highest priorities in today's hospitals is the provision of quality care to patients. The medical librarian has an increased responsibility to furnish quality information to the medical staff. Traditional methods of reference service continue to work well, but it is increasingly important for librarians to become more directly involved in hospital quality assurance (QA) activities. Occurrence screening is one system of QA where the librarian can make a difference.  相似文献   

Effects of Mass and Interpersonal Communication on Breast Cancer Screening: Advancing Agenda-Setting Theory in Health Contexts     

Karyn Ogata Jones  Bryan E. Denham  Jeffrey K. Springston 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2006,34(1):94-113

Drawing on components of agenda-setting theory and the two-step flow of information from mass media to news audiences, this study examines the effects of mass and interpersonal communication on breast cancer screening practices among college- and middle-aged women (n = 284). We theorized that screening behaviors among younger women would be influenced more by interpersonal sources of information while screening among middle-aged women would be more influenced by exposure to mass-mediated information. Findings supported anticipated patterns, revealing important and varying roles for both mass and interpersonal communication in the health behaviors of women. Implications for health practitioners and campaign planners, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.  相似文献