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Neuroscientists have believed for a long time that glial cells are supportive elements of the nervous system and have little
role in neuronal function. Despite outnumbering neurons tenfold in the Central Nervous System (CNS), and contributing to more
than half the brain volume, not much attention was paid to these cells. Recently, glial cells have been found to be far more
active participants in CNS function. A set of glial cells, the oligodendrocytes, has attracted attention as their precursors
have been found to be extremely plastic. Though these precursor cells are initially committed to form oligodendrocytes alone,
they can also be induced to form astrocytes and neurons. Such examples of transdetermination are opening up new lines of research
with immense clinical implications. In this part of the series we review some aspects of oligodendrocyte structure and function. 相似文献
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Theodor Schwann, the German physiologist who first propounded the cell theory with M Schieiden, had diverse interests. He
was not only the first to isolate the enzyme pepsin, but also investigated muscle contraction and nerve structure. In the
mid nineteenth century Schwann discovered that a sheath made up of myelin covered the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous
system (PNS). The cells that form the myelin are today called Schwann cells after him. Today, we know that the Schwann cells
not only form the myelin sheath around neurons, but also regulate several neuronal functions and are an indispensable part
of the PNS. 相似文献
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