Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road     

Birgit Angelika Schmidt  Martin Andreas Ziemann  Simone Pentzien  Toralf Gabsch  Werner Koch  Jörg Krüger 《文物保护研究》2016,61(2):113-122

A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.  相似文献   

苯甲酸分子的简正振动与拉曼光谱   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩礼刚  陶亚萍 《洛阳师范学院学报》2011,30(11):20-22

利用量子化学软件计算得出了苯甲酸分子的平衡构形,基于这个构形,理论上计算出了苯甲酸分子的简正振动光谱,并与实验测得的结果进行了比较,最后对其简正振动模式进行了全面归属.  相似文献   

Chinese archaeological artefacts: Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of high-leaded bronzes     

《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2014,15(3):283-291

Metallographic features of ancient bronze artefacts often hide peculiar micro-chemical processes and corrosion behaviours, which are worth to be studied as they can provide conservators and archaeologists with valuable tools and information. It is widely documented that Chinese bronzes were cast and the way to adjust their properties was to change the alloy composition. In particular, addition of lead, which is insoluble in the bronze matrix, results in the formation of inclusions or globules, which undergo oxidation processes leading to their conversion into corrosion products. The mechanisms through which this occurs were still poorly investigated. The present work was conducted to further study the corrosion behaviour of high-leaded bronze, especially focusing on the behaviour of lead globules. To this aim, a collection of Chinese archaeological bronzes, showing intermediate steps of degradation, were selected and investigated. The use of combined microscopy-based, molecular and elemental, analytical techniques allowed the characterization as well as the precise location of corrosion products, thus enabling us to propose a degradation pathway basing on thermodynamic data provided by Pourbaix diagram. The achieved results will be useful for researchers involved in these kinds of studies to better interpret data obtained.  相似文献   

核酸碱基配对与错配的拉曼光谱——A-U与A-C的比较研究     

廖昱博  赖昭胜  刘烈昌  李俊 《赣南师范学院学报》2009,30(3):55-57

采用激光拉曼光谱技术对碱基配对与错配形成的核酸复合物(即PolyA.PolyU和PolyA.PolyC)进行了研究,并比较了复合前后的光谱改变以及此二种复合物形态结构的差异.研究表明,在所研究的溶液环境下二者在分子构象和形成前后光谱改变的特征上都存在着一定的相似性;但在参与复合的两条单链结构改变和碱基氢键配位结构上存在明显差异.这对于需要准确预测配对碱基与非配对碱基的数目和种类的基因芯片测序技术来说无疑具有重要意义.  相似文献   

金刚石薄膜的制备和结构分析     

郭扬铭  陈树光  张凯明 《中山大学学报论丛》1992,(2)

金刚石薄膜的制备与热丝温度、衬底温度、工作室压强及反应气体浓度有关,氢原子具有抑制石墨生长的作用,衬底的表面处理对金刚石薄膜的生长有很大影响。本文还试图用晶体生长和相变理论解释金刚石薄膜的生长过程。  相似文献   

一种新的拉曼散射——表面增强拉曼散射   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常大虎  宗征军  陈林峰 《洛阳工业高等专科学校学报》2007,17(6):30-31,46

阐述了拉曼散射的原理,重点介绍了表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的特点、增强原理、衬底特点以及最新进展.指出目前普遍接受的增强机理是电磁增强机制和化学增强机制同时存在,只是两者在不同实验体系中所占的比重不同.  相似文献   

B2H6分子声子态及声子间耦合的群论分析与Mathematica应用     

王仙枝  冯胜奇 《绵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2012,(5):38-42

利用群论和对称性分析的方法研究了具有D3d对称性构型的B2H6分子的声子态及其声子间耦合等问题。研究发现,B2H6存在5种不同的声子态,它们分别具有D3d群下的a1g、a1u、a2u、eg与eu对称性,其中a2u与eu具有红外活性,a1g和eg具有拉曼活性,而a1u是非活性的;在B2H6的声子态中只有eg是活跃的声子态;活跃声子态eg与eg之间的耦合作用将会产生耦合声子态a1g和eg;B2H6分子的电声耦合作用一定会导致B2H6分子发生杨-泰勒畸变,畸变致使B2H6分子从D3d对称性降低到C2h对称性。  相似文献   

表面增强拉曼光谱检测系统在实验教学中的应用     

吴宝平  曲典  王燕  陶蔷  刘文艳  满梓焱 《实验技术与管理》2014,31(5):55-57,70

根据表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术在医学研究中的一些研究方法和内容,设计和实践了一组适合本科低年级学生学习的教学实验,探索了科研仪器设备在教学实验中的应用的具体方法。实践表明,该实验有利于培养学生的实践能力、创新能力和科研能力。  相似文献   

Study of the stability of a series of synthetic colorants applied with styrene-acrylic copolymer, widely used in contemporary paintings, concerning the effects of accelerated ageing     

Zoe Eirini Papliaka  Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos  Evangelia A. Varella 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(4):381-391

This study examines the materials of a contemporary pictorial artwork, belonging to the Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art in Thessaloniki (Greece), and needing conservation. The combined use of micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of almost all painting materials. Moreover, the stability of a series of synthetic pigments towards accelerated ageing is investigated in applications using the contemporary binding medium styrene-acrylic copolymer. The pigments in question are: Hansa yellow PY3 and PY74, quinacridone PV19 and PR122, naphthol AS PR112, phthalocyanine green PG7 and blue PB15, dioxazine PV37, van Dyck brown PBk11, ivory black PBk9, and titanium dioxide PW6. The organic pigments were applied alone or mixed with titanium dioxide, in rutile form or as a mixture of rutile/anatase. The experimental swatches were subjected to ageing tests, and subsequently studied as to colour changes by means of colorimetric measurements, and as to the molecular structure differentiations by infrared spectroscopy in reflectance mode. The ageing tests included exposure to high temperature and humidity (90 °C, 60% RH) and to ultraviolet radiation (350 nm, 30 °C and 50% RH, with a substantial temperature increase at 90 °C for 3 days). The greater colour difference is caused by high temperature and humidity, whereas paint layers containing TiO₂, and especially the mixture of the forms rutile/anatase, prove very susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, demonstrating a significant colour difference and extended molecular changes.  相似文献   

The Russian avant-garde painting palette: Documentary and physicochemical codification of organic colorants     

Elli Kampasakali  Evangelia A. Varella   《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2008,9(1):77-88

In the present article an attempt is made to elucidate the organic colorants commonly encountered in the Russian avant-garde painting palette by a combined art historical, documentary and physicochemical investigation, and to examine the influence of environmental factors on the chromatic profile originally sought by the artist. The overall approach based on written sources is confirmed by measurements on relevant paintings. The documentary research deals with the influences of Orthodox iconography, folkloric art, and occidental modernist tendencies on the Russian avant-garde palette, and studies the effects of contradictory historical processes in the chromatic profile of individual paintings. In the experimental section a series of colorants are investigated concerning the effects of accelerated ageing on experimental painting tables, prepared as watercolor and gouache layers on paper ground. The resulting samples are subjected to colorimetric and spectroscopic measurements, and analogous analytical procedures are applied on samples taken from selected paintings. A systematic comparative study of all data permits evaluation of the materials used in terms of their stability towards extrinsic factors, and proposal of degradation routes in order to assist museum curators and conservators in every concrete case related to the broad spectrum of pigments examined.  相似文献