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Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society. 相似文献
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Noor Ghazal Aswad Georgeta Vidican Diana Samulewicz 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2011,36(6):559-570
As the United Arab Emirates (UAE) moves towards a knowledge-based economy, maximising the participation of the national workforce, especially women, in the transformation process is crucial. Using survey methods and semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the factors that influence women's decisions regarding their degree programme and their attitudes towards science, technology and engineering (STE). The findings point to the importance of adapting mainstream policies to the local context and the need to better understand the effect of culture and society on the individual and the economy. There is a need to increase interest in STE by raising awareness of what the fields entail, potential careers and their suitability with existing cultural beliefs. Also suggested is the need to overcome negative stereotypes of engineering, implement initiatives for further family involvement at the higher education level, as well as the need to ensure a greater availability of STE university programmes across the UAE. 相似文献
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The State Transition Equation (STE) based method to automatically generate the parallel CRC circuits for any generator polynomial
or required amount of parallelism is presented. The parallel CRC circuit so generated is partially optimized before being
fed to synthesis tools and works properly in our LAN transceiver. Compared with the cascading method, the proposed method
gives better timing results and significantly reduces the synthesis time, in particular.
Project (No. 60271010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 相似文献
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关于高等教育自学考试社会助学管理的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
高等教育自学考试,是对自学者进行以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试,是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的高等教育形式。经过20多年的发展,取得了重大的成绩。社会助学作为自学考试制度的三大要素之一,是整合教育资源的重要形式,也是自学考试发挥教育功能的一种重要途径。文章对高等教育自学考试社会助学的历史发展、现状及现有管理模式进行了系统详实分析,针对其存在的问题提出了完善社会助学管理模式的建议。 相似文献
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符号轨迹计(Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation,简称STE)方法是一种新的基于符号模拟的模型检验方法,它将符号模拟技术的电路建模能力与时序逻辑模型检验技术的自动分析能力结合,使得对于数字电路的验证效率得到了很大的提高.本文将综述符号轨迹计算的基本理论. 相似文献
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自学考试助学管理新模式建设初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对福建省各地市和部分临近省市的深入调研发现,自学考试助学管理工作存在地区差异明显、生源数量与质量下降、助学机构基础设施不完善、主考院校联合办学不规范以及自考助学模式陈旧等问题。为了加强自学考试助学管理工作,作者提出了以经济发展水平制定设置相应助学管理模式、建立健全自考助学管理体系的规章制度、建立持续创新的自学考试助学管理体系、推广"网络注册学习过程考核"助学模式、探索引入自考助学产学结合的教学机制等政策建议。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONCRC (CyclicRedundancyChecking)codesarewidelyusedintelecommunication ,especiallyintheinternallayersofprotocolssuchasEther net,X2 5,FDDIandATM (AAL5) .Thecom monhardwaresolutionforCRCcalculationisthelinearfeedbackshiftregister (LFSR) ,charac ter… 相似文献
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