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1.
维特根斯坦在其后期的哲学研究中提出了遵从规则悖论。对此悖论,克里普克等人分别从怀疑论等角度提出了各自的解读方案。后来维特根斯坦为了消除人们对悖论的误读,他用语言游戏说及其方法论来解释“遵从规则”。维特根斯坦的语言游戏说认为,只有在语言游戏的实践中,才能谈得上遵从规则,才能理解语言的意义,才能体验到生活的价值,悖论也只有放到实践中才能解决。 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(5):621-637
Taking Wittgenstein's love of music as my impetus, I approach aporetic problems of epistemic relativity through a round of three overlapping (canonical) inquiries delivered in contrapuntal (higher and lower) registers. I first take up the question of scepticism surrounding ‘groundless knowledge’ and contending paradigms in On Certainty (physics versus oracular divination, or realism versus idealism) with attention given to the role of ‘bedrock’ certainties in providing stability amidst the Heraclitean flux. I then look into the formation of sedimented bedrock knowledge, or practices of knowing, by comparing Wittgenstein's remarks on animal habituation and initiate training into human forms of life. In the latter case, mastery of techniques—our common education—secures agreement in judgment. Finally, I entertain Wittgenstein's obscure references to Einstein's Relativity in Zettel, showing initiate training as a way of ‘setting the clocks’ with variable degrees of certainty, relative to the language‐games played. Together, these three approaches help us to stop the ‘endless circling’ when philosophers try to address knowledge questions through the logic of object and designation, or verification of correspondence between propositions and things. Instead, attention moves to the way we educate our children and how we employ agreements and bedrock certainties in practices. 相似文献
3.
Ian Cantley 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(4):405-421
AbstractThe outcomes of educational assessments undoubtedly have real implications for students, teachers, schools and education in the widest sense. Assessment results are, for example, used to award qualifications that determine future educational or vocational pathways of students. The results obtained by students in assessments are also used to gauge individual teacher quality, to hold schools to account for the standards achieved by their students, and to compare international education systems. Given the current high-stakes nature of educational assessment, it is imperative that the measurement practices involved have stable philosophical foundations. However, this article casts doubt on the theoretical underpinnings of contemporary educational measurement models. Aspects of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy and Bohr’s philosophy of quantum theory are used to argue that a quantum theoretical rather than a Newtonian model is appropriate for educational measurement, and the associated implications for the concept of validity are elucidated. Whilst it is acknowledged that the transition to a quantum theoretical framework would not lead to the demise of educational assessment, it is argued that, where practical, current high-stakes assessments should be reformed to become as ‘low-stakes’ as possible. This article also undermines some of the pro high-stakes testing rhetoric that has a tendency to afflict education. 相似文献
4.
崔道文 《贵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(2):1-6
在《逻辑哲学论》中,维特根斯坦从言说的自明性探讨言说的实质,认为语言与世界共有在先的逻辑形式,它们完全同型同构。一方面,简单对象的特定配置方式构成基本事态或事态,存在的事态是事实,事实的总和就是世界;另一方面,名称的特定结合方式构成基本命题,基本命题的真值函项得到复合命题,命题的总和就是语言。而思想既是有意义的命题也是实在的逻辑图像。这样,作为思想表达的言说就是关于世界的言说,是作为命题的总和的语言图像世界;世界就是被言说的世界,世界依赖于言说。因而,世界必定可以被言说,言说必然是关于世界的言说。于是,语言的界限就是世界的界限。界限之内的是可以言说的,而且都能够说清楚。 相似文献
5.
维特根斯坦在多大程度上受到了弗雷格、罗素对维特根斯坦的激发,这一直都是学界争论的问题。以实证的方法论证这种激发不会影响维氏哲学的独创性,而更加深了对维氏哲学的理解。 相似文献
6.
哲学界从不同角度把维特根斯坦的人格瑕疵笼统地界定为:傲慢、苛求、粗暴、自私、多疑、悲观,并且以此贬损或撼动其伟大与崇高的哲学地位。从历史和现实的视角观之,维特根斯坦的人格瑕疵不但有其独特的历史背景,而且折射出他冲破哲学藩篱的人品光辉,具有治学严谨、和蔼可亲和乐善好施的美德。 相似文献
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维特根斯坦和庄子都认为语言表达在哲学研究上有一定的界限。两者的语言哲学观可以通过3个方面的论述来进行比较：语言表达的困境、非语言的表现手段以及语言的生活化。通过比较可以发现,建立在逻辑分析基础上的西方哲学和崇尚顿悟的东方哲学,虽然在研究方法上确有不同,但在语言与世界的关系这一古老命题上却遥相呼应,在某种意义上甚至可以说,维特根斯坦的语言哲学是东方人文精神的一次回归。 相似文献
8.
在"语言文化"占据主导地位的时代,维特根斯坦在.语言图像论"中建构了语言与世界的逻辑同构关系;而在当下正处于由"视觉文化"所主宰的图像时代,本文试图从"语言图像论"出发,建构出图像与世界的内在逻辑关系,在历经文化范式变革的背景下,立足于维特根斯坦的"语言图像论",对"图像"作哲学层面的积极建构. 相似文献
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外在主义通常被认为是认知科学和现象学“彻底逆转”后的走向与发展成果。然而文章认为,外在主义在分析哲学中有其存在论基础与根源,尤其在维特根斯坦的哲学叙述中表现得最为明显。维特根斯坦通过语词符号的形而上学研究介入对预期、意义、信仰等内在意识状态或过程之具体概念的逻辑分析中,并与此同时对传统的内部意识模型进行了彻底的消解与批判。从其整个分析哲学的发展历程来看,外在主义思想发微、凸显于前期维特根斯坦向后期维特根斯坦转变的过程中。在分析哲学这种走向的影响下,外在主义思想成为未来哲学理论研究的生长点和出发点,揭示并体现了维特根斯坦哲学“理论维度丰富性”和“历史影响广泛性”的后现代意义。 相似文献
10.
Some philosophers of education think that there is a pedagogically informative concept of training that can be gleaned from Wittgenstein's later writings: training as initiation into a form of life. Stickney, in ' Training and Mastery of Techniques in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy: A response to Michael Luntley' takes me to task for ignoring this concept. In this essay I argue that there is no such concept to be ignored. I start by noting recent developments in Wittgenstein scholarship that raise serious issues about how we should handle the translation of Arbrichtung and arbrichten. I then concentrate on the substantive philosophical issues about the very idea that training can have a pedagogically productive role in education. I show that what work training does is a function of the prior skill set of the trainee. This means that we have to endorse some form of rationalism and acknowledge that the learner can only respond to training if they already possess sufficient mental equipment to generate the appropriate responses. 相似文献