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Thomas H. Champney 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):432-434
The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues. 相似文献
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研究者们在广泛吸收有关亲社会行为研究成果的基础上,结合各自多年的研究,提出了多种较为全面、深刻的亲社会行为动机理论,旨在揭示亲社会行为发生发展的心理机制。文章扼要解释了研究者们所提出的亲社会行为的动机理论,并作简要评论。 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior on social tagging supported systems. Using the strong theoretical background of the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper proposes and empirically validates a model that fits the social and technical nature of social tagging tools within the public sector. The analyses in this paper were based on data collected from a large survey of more than 480 respondents working for two public organizations in the United States. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of the role of social presence in encouraging employees to create and share content. Further, there is a strong relationship between the benefits employees receive from using tagging tools and their creation and sharing of tagged content. Specifically, the following factors showed a significant impact on employees’ creation and sharing behavior, specifically their attitudes towards and intentions to create and share tags: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social presence, and pro-sharing norms. For researchers, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge-sharing behavior regarding social media technologies. The findings should motivate practitioners to inject these tools with a social aspect so that employees are encouraged to share content. 相似文献
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王海明 《玉溪师范学院学报》2004,20(5):1-6
无私利他是最高且偶尔善原则 ,它只应该且只可能指导每个人的偶尔行为 ;其作用是使每个人在自我利益与社会或他人利益发生冲突而不能两全时 ,能够无私利他、自我牺牲而不会损人利己。为己利他是基本且恒久善原则 ,它应该且能够指导每个人的恒久行为 ;其作用是使每个人在自我利益与社会或他人利益一致的情况下 ,能够为己利他而不致损人利己。单纯利已是最低且偶尔善原则 ,它也应该且只能指导每个人的偶尔行为 ;其作用在于使每个人在与社会和他人无直接利害关系的行为领域 ,能够单纯利己而不致纯粹害己 相似文献
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The dissection room experience: A factor in the choice of organ and whole body donation—A Nigerian survey 
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下载免费PDF全文 Emeka G. Anyanwu Emmanuel N. Obikili Augustine U. Agu 《Anatomical sciences education》2014,7(1):56-63
The psychosocial impact of human dissection on the lives of medical and health science students has been noted. To assess the impact of the dissection room experience on one's willingness to become a whole body and organ donor, the attitudes of 1,350 students and professionals from the medical, health, and non‐health related disciplines to body and organ donation were studied. The participants were broken into categories according to degree of exposure to human dissection. Participants who were never exposed to the dissection experience showed more willingness to donate their bodies than those who were exposed. With the exception of the physiotherapy department, the students and professionals from the health science departments who were exposed to the dissection room but never engaged in dissection showed the most unwillingness to donate their bodies (P < 0.001). An unwillingness to donate oneself was noted as one of the negative impacts associated with exposure to the dissection room. Willingness to donate an organ correlated positively with the level of exposure to the dissection room (P < 0.001). Most of the reasons for unwillingness were traceable to negative perceptions of the dissection room as a result of poor and disrespectful management of the human cadavers. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 56–63. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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利他主义与效率的关系是探讨利他主义经济学价值不可回避的问题。科拉姆在其全新框架下以利他主义符合帕累托效率的必要条件为依据,揭示了情感、偏好、选择与行为之间的密切联系,提出依据行动主体观念上的自觉性,使其能动选择利他的偏好结构,遵照“完美的利他主义”正义通则,人们更偏爱的利他主义社会状态证明了利他主义的效率。 相似文献
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从利己本身看 ,利己无利无害他人及社会 ,无所谓善恶 ,无所谓好坏 ;从利己实现的手段和给他人及社会带来的影响看 ,利己可善可恶 ,可好可坏。利己和利他是使人类社会得以生存的不可缺少的手段。利己不是一种病害 ,对自我的追求不应成为一种禁忌 ,为自己谋幸福不应受到轻视。 相似文献
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本以“斯密难题”为切入点，论证“斯密难题”不过是个假问题而已，并深入探讨在市场经济条件下，“经济人”与“道德人”是在必要的张力下的统一，而不是截然的割裂，它恰恰反映了市场经济的内部矛盾，因此，既是“经济人”又是“道德人”的人，才是完整的“社会人”，这一点对我国的市场经济建设有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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By design or default, anatomy educators are often responsible for introducing students to medical professionalism. Although much has been said about the role of anatomical education, there are no published reports suggesting how to measure change. This study investigated what professionalism attitudes, if any, change during a gross anatomy course. Additionally, the influence of four dichotomous variables related to student identity and preparation for medical school were analyzed for their effect on professionalism attitudes. A cross‐sectional time‐one (T1; beginning of the course), time‐two (T2; end of the course) study using the Penn State College of Medicine Survey of Professionalism was conducted. A multivariate analysis of variance identified the main effects and interaction effects of categorical variables. A Mann Whitney U test verified significant differences. This study found a reprioritization of professionalism attitudes in favor of altruism (P = 0.04 with a Cohen's d = 0.26) at T2. Female students (P = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.38) and students from a science background (P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.36) changed the most in favor of altruism. Interestingly, though several factors correlated with dissimilarities in professionalism values at T1, gender was the only factor to show a significant difference in professionalism attitudes at T2. This cohort of students reported a statistically significant increase in altruism and no significant decreases in other professionalism attitudes concurrent with the gross anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:12–16, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists 相似文献
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杨文君 《四川工程职业技术学院学报》2009,23(4):75-81
本文从分析见义勇为和无因管理的概念、特征、构成要件以及联系和区别出发,说明见义勇为行为在民法属性上不仅是属于无因管理行为而且还是一种更高层次的无因管理行为;然后从见义勇为和无因管理的民事法律规范入手,对照具体案例,指出见义勇为的损害赔偿在何种条件下适用何种民事法律规范。 相似文献