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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):527-533
Abstract This study examined the agreement between estimates of thigh volume (TV) with anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy school children. Participants (n=168, 83 boys and 85 girls) were school children 10.0–13.9 years of age. In addition to body mass, height and sitting height, anthropometric dimensions included those needed to estimate TV using the equation of Jones & Pearson. Total TV was also estimated with DXA. Agreement between protocols was examined using linear least products regression (Deming regressions). Stepwise regression of log-transformed variables identified variables that best predicted TV estimated by DXA. The regression models were then internally validated using the predicted residual sum of squares method. Correlation between estimates of TV was 0.846 (95%CI: 0.796–0.884, Sy·x=0.152L). It was possible to obtain an anthropometry-based model to improve the prediction of TVs in youth. The total volume by DXA was best predicted by adding body mass and sum of skinfolds to volume estimated with the equation of Jones & Pearson (R=0.972; 95%CI: 0.962–0.979; R 2=0.945). 相似文献
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R. E. Pimentel B. S. Baker K. Soliday R. F. Reiser II 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2279-2285
ABSTRACTCyclists may be at greater risk of developing asymmetrical force and motion patterns than other ground-based athletes. However, functional asymmetries during cycling tend to be highly variable, making them difficult to assess. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean mass (LM) in the lower limbs may be a more sensitive and consistent method to identify asymmetries in cyclists. The goal of this study was to determine if competitive cyclists have greater levels of asymmetries in the lower body compared to non-cyclists using DXA. A secondary aim was to determine if aBMD and LM asymmetries change over the road cycling season. 17 competitive cyclists and 21 non-cyclist, healthy controls underwent DXA scans. Lower-body asymmetries were greater in cyclists compared to non-cyclists in aBMD and LM for all lower limb segments. However, these asymmetries did not tend to consistently favour a particular side, except for the pelvis having more LM on the dominant side. The were no longitudinal changes in aBMD or LM in the cyclists. Asymmetry analysis via DXA provides evidence that although functional asymmetries during cycling are variable, cyclists have increased lower body LM and aBMD asymmetries compared to non-cyclists. 相似文献
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从电子工业的角度出发,介绍激光微细加工的应用,包括:激光打标、细导线剥离、微透镜列阵、激光光刻、激光表面改性等,并综述了它们的研究现状和未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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王英博 《中国教育技术装备》2011,(21)
光固化快速成型是目前世界上研究最深入、技术最成熟、应用最广泛的一种快速成型方法.对影响光固化快速成型精度前期数据准备部分的因素进行理论分析及确定,并对各因素对成型精度产生的影响进行分析. 相似文献
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Joel T. Fuller Dominic Thewlis Margarita D. Tsiros Nicholas A. T. Brown Joseph Hamill Jonathan D. Buckley 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):402-412
This study investigated whether male runners improve running performance, running economy, ankle plantar flexor strength, and alter running biomechanics and lower limb bone mineral density when gradually transitioning to using minimalist shoes for 100% of weekly running. The study was a planned follow-up of runners (n?=?50) who transitioned to minimalist or conventional shoes for 35% of weekly structured training in a previous 6-week randomised controlled trial. In that trial, running performance and economy improved more with minimalist shoes than conventional shoes. Runners in each group were instructed to continue running in their allocated shoe during their own preferred training programme for a further 20 weeks while increasing allocated shoe use to 100% of weekly training. At the 20-week follow-up, minimalist shoes did not affect performance (effect size: 0.19; p?=?0.218), running economy (effect size: ≤?0.24; p?≥?0.388), stride rate or length (effect size: ≤?0.12; p?≥?0.550), foot strike (effect size: ≤?0.25; p?≥?0.366), or bone mineral density (effect size: ≤?0.40; p?≥?0.319). Minimalist shoes increased plantar flexor strength more than conventional shoes when runners trained with greater mean weekly training distances (shoe*distance interaction: p?=?0.036). After greater improvements with minimalist shoes during the initial six weeks of a structured training programme, increasing minimalist shoe use from 35% to 100% over 20 weeks, when runners use their own preferred training programme, did not further improve performance, running economy or alter running biomechanics and lower limb bone mineral density. Minimalist shoes improved plantar flexor strength more than conventional shoes in runners with greater weekly training distances. 相似文献
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用磁控溅射方法在Si衬底上制备了一系列NiO、Ta、Co的薄膜与多层膜,利用掠入射X射线散射方法研究了不同生长顺序的薄膜的表面、界面结构与形态,结果表明各层的沉积次序会影响各层的形态,尤其是SiO2层的厚度、质量密度等,对各层之间的界面粗糙度也会产生很大影响。进而研究了自旋阀结构的多层膜的界面形态和粗糙度,这对于解释含NiO的Co/Cu/Co基自旋阀的磁电阻提升提供了结构依据。 相似文献
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亚波长金属光栅表面等离激元( SPP)具有光场局域增强、异常透射等现象,被广泛用于光刻。利用FDTD Solutions软件,改变金属光栅材料、周期、厚度等因素,通过有限时域差分方法探究表面等离共振光刻条纹分布特点。仿真结果表明,亚波长金属光栅光刻条纹分布周期是光栅的周期一半,光刻条纹强度在表面等离共振波长作用下也会大于入射光强度。该研究为微纳米光学器件的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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为进行空间X射线星图分割及在X射线背景噪声中提取目标源,提出了改进的脉冲耦合神经网络图像分割算法.改进算法将图像分割成小区域,不同区域中设置不同的参数;将内部行为的调制参数设计成邻域像素灰度值分布的负耦合函数,强制降低强X射线目标源附近的强X射线背景噪声的点火频率,以提取X射线辐射点目标源.分别利用改进型PCNN模型、普通PCNN模型进行了空间X射线星图分割实验,结果表明改进型PCNN模型具有更优的分割效果. 相似文献
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Autofocus method based on the analysis of image content information is investigated to reduce the alignment error resulting from mark positioning uncertainty due to defocus in microstructure layered fabrication process based on multilevel imprint lithography, The applicability of several autofocus functions to the alignment mark images is evaluated concerning their uniformity, sharpness near peak, reliability and measure computation efficiency and the most suitable one based on power spectrum in frequency domain (PSFD) is adopted. To solve the problem of too much computation amount needed in PSFD algorithm, the strategy of interested region detection and effective image reconstruction is proposed and the algorithm efficiency is improved. The test results show that the computation time is reduced from 0.316 s to 0.023 s under the same conditions while the other merits of the function are preserved, which indicates that the modified algorithm can meet the mark image autofocusing require-ments in response time, accuracy and robustness. The alignment error due to defocus which is about 0.5 μm indi-cated by experimental results can be reduced or eliminated by the autofocusing implementation. 相似文献