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基于GIS和BEHD的粪肥资源评价及其利用的空间布局优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
畜禽粪便是一种宝贵的肥料资源，但若管理和处理不当，就会成为重要的环境污染源。将畜禽粪便加工成生物有机肥是实现其资源化，促进农业和环境可持续发展的重要途径。由于畜禽粪便的运输距离是有限的，为因此，畜禽粪便资源评价成为实施生物有机肥工程的关键因素。同时，生物有机肥工程的选址又受到自然环境、社会、经济等因素的影响。本文以福建省龙岩市新罗区为案例区域，探讨运用GIS技术和粪肥的盈亏平衡运输距离原理对猪粪资源空间分布特征及生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局评价的方法。根据当地实际情况，以村级行政单位为研究单元，利用GIS的空间分析功能，对潜在粪肥资源分布进行初步研究，在此基础上选取了交通、法律法规、自然环境等指标对生物有机肥厂布局进行综合评价。在GIS技术的支持下，利用猪粪的最经济运输距离原理，对案例区域新罗区的猪粪资源量及分布进行研究，并探讨了生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局方案。结果表明，该区域具有充足的猪粪资源，主要分布在城郊附近，具有可以实施生物有机肥工程的有利条件。根据在粪肥资源评价基础上，综合自然环境、经济、社会等因素，综合评价结果确定6个备选厂址。该研究结果可为管理者制定发展规划和实施生物有机肥工程提供必要的科学依据和理论基础。同时，对于环境管理部门来说，粪肥资源分布研究方法也可以成为识别畜禽粪便污染严重区域的有利工具。 相似文献
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基于水足迹理论的中国畜牧业水资源承载力研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文基于水足迹的基本理论和方法,测算了2003年至2009年全国农区主要省(区)的畜牧业水资源承载力。同时构建了畜牧业水资源可持续利用指标,分析农区主要省(区)畜牧业持续发展的潜力。研究结果表明:①南方农区的大部分省(区)及北方农区中的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和安徽属于水资源盈余地区,有条件扩大畜牧业生产规模;北方农区的河北、河南和山东一直处于水赤字的状态,应对畜牧业生产进行调整;②安徽、江西、湖北、广东、广西、重庆、四川、贵州和云南的畜牧业水资源不可持续,虽然现阶段水盈余量还较大,但应密切关注水盈余的变化情况,并适当控制畜牧业的发展速度;③在考虑灰水的情况下,辽宁、吉林的水资源不可持续的风险较高,应适当调整种植业结构,增加有机肥使用;不考虑灰水的情况下,湖南的水资源不可持续的风险较高,应降低畜牧业发展速度。 相似文献
3.
Thai Thi Minh Carl Erik Schou Larsen Andreas Neef 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):179-194
Abstract Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project. Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities of scaling up and institutionalizing FLS remain a challenge given the capacity and resource limitations and the resistance at various levels within the Vietnamese extension system. Practical Implications: The starting point for successfully institutionalizing participatory extension approaches should be to assess the existing system's root problems and capacities and then gradually and systematically introduce institutional innovations rather than aiming at a complete overhaul of a system that may result in the creation of a parallel universe. Originality/Value: The FLS project provided a unique opportunity to study the enabling and constraining factors of institutionalizing participatory extension approaches in a traditionally top-down oriented extension system beyond the immediate duration of an externally orchestrated project. 相似文献
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滁州市畜禽养殖业的生态环境问题及防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
谭晓光 《安徽科技学院学报》2004,18(4):18-22
根据2002年畜禽养殖业统计数据,系统地论述了滁州市畜牧业发展的生态环境问题,分析了畜禽污染的现状和趋势,从技术和管理角度,提出消减畜禽养殖污染,促进生态环境良性循环的对策和措施. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Parasitic diseases is a global problem and con-sidered as a major obstacle in the health and productperformance of animals. These may be due toendo-parasites that live inside the body, orecto-parasites such as ticks, mites, flies, fleas, midges,etc., which attack the body surface. Amongecto-parasites, ticks are very important and harmfulblood sucking external parasites of mammals, birdsand reptiles throughout the world (Furman and Loo-mis, 1984). The medical and economic im… 相似文献
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随着居民对营养健康的要求不断提升,我国牛羊肉的需求量不断增加;而养殖需求带动我国粮食总产量的一半用作饲料粮,畜牧业所需饲草料缺口巨大,进而导致近10年来我国牛羊肉和饲草料的进口量逐年攀升。我国耕地超七成为中低产田,种植传统作物存在产量低而不稳、生产效益较差的问题。我国多个地区的实践证明,通过草-田轮作不仅可以显著提高单位土地面积的干物质产量,而且具有提高土壤肥力、减少病虫害、改善土壤物理性质、降低含盐量等改良中低产田的作用。由于牛、羊均是吃草为主的家畜,通过实施草-田轮作制度,利用部分中低产田发展人工种草养畜拥有巨大潜力。文章初步测算了3种不同轮作制度下,即相当于每年利用17%、20%、25%的中低产田发展人工牧草,每年分别可以生产牛羊肉1 798万吨、2 158万吨和2 698万吨,分别是我国现有牛羊肉年产量的1.6倍、1.9倍和2.4倍。山东省是我国的牛羊养殖大省,但其人工牧草种植面积却远远不够。文章还以黄河三角洲盐碱地为例,测算了其发展草牧业的潜力,并对中低产田发展草牧业提出了具体建议。 相似文献
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韩群勇 《Journal of Zhangzhou Technical Institute》2012,14(2):17-19,36
研究太阳能光伏系统向一个边远山区畜禽养殖场供电,设计了一种可门动控制的光伏发电系统,能充分利用太阳能这…取之不尽的清洁能源,义不会对环境造成污染,具有应用前景。 相似文献
8.
Stéphane Ingrand Hélène Bardey Jacques Brossier with the collaboration of B. DEDIEU B. Degrange B. Lémery 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1):39-48
Abstract The aim of this study, carried out in association with beef cattle producers, was to explore the capacity of farms to adapt, from a techno-conomic point of view, to both structural changes in consumer demand for beef products and market disruptions (sudden drop in beef consumption due partly to media coverage of bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE] and foot-and-mouth disease in the winter 2000/2001). The aim is to help farmers and advisors to find solutions to fit farmers’ management choices with their strategic objectives. The flexibility concept was adopted in order to examine how farms reacted to the winter 2000/2001 crisis, and was based on several technical, economic and sociological surveys. A series of variables was proposed and several hypotheses were formulated regarding their impact on farm flexibility. Four types of farm strategy were identified using different combinations of the degree of importance of these variables, with technical, economic and marketing flexibilities specific to each type. The results revealed the different combinations of flexibility-types possible (technical, economic, marketing) and explain why cattle farmers reacted as they did. Analysis of farm flexibility also revealed situations where these technical, economic and marketing flexibilities were either complementary or incompatible. For traditional livestock farmers, high flexibility (technical and economic) allowed them to minimize the impact of the crisis on their systems. In other cases, low flexibility either resulted in inertia, or led farmers to react by seeking solutions outside the cattle farming system. Development groups should take into account these parameters when interacting with farmers. We propose a framework to qualify the use of information resources by farmers, relative to their flexibility. 相似文献
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中国对东盟畜产品出口的影响因素与潜力分析——基于引力模型的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用东盟十国1992-2008年的面板数据,建立中国对东盟畜产品出口的引力模型,对中国对其畜产品出口的影响因素和出口潜力进行了实证研究。研究显示:东盟各国的经济规模、中国畜牧业生产总值、中国与东盟各国的空间距离和APEC这些因素对中国对东盟畜产品出口的影响显著。同时,本文根据该引力模型的模拟值,模拟了2008年中国对东盟各国畜产品出口的贸易潜力,潜力指数显示我国出口到东盟的畜产品总体呈现出"贸易不足"的现象,中国对东盟畜产品出口的整体出口潜力较大。 相似文献
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