Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners?     

J. Santos-Concejero  N. Tam  D. R. Coetzee  J. Oliván  T. D. Noakes  R. Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):531-538

The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h^?1 and 20 km ·h^?1). VO₂ and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 12 km· h^?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 20 km· h^?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg^?1·km^?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg^?1· km^?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h^?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.  相似文献   

Commemorative places,political spaces: Virginia Indians,the Jamestown Quadricentennial,and the quest for sovereignty     

Patricia Davis 《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2016,9(3):222-239

ABSTRACT

This essay examines the cross-cultural communication strategies deployed by a coalition of indigenous tribes in Virginia to leverage the Quadricentennial commemoration of the founding at Jamestown in support of their sovereignty campaign. The tensions between Jamestown’s mythos as the “birthplace of democracy” and the natives’ historical and contemporary lived experiences, combined with the national and international attention focused on the events, constructed the 400th anniversary “celebrations” as a compelling location for social action. The coalition employed intercultural communicative practices—particularly cross-cultural dialogue and negotiation—as means of mobilizing these tensions to renegotiate their relationship with the federal government, illustrating the intersection of intercultural communication, memory, and identity.  相似文献   

The Mitigating Effects of Intergroup Contact on Negative Stereotypes,Perceived Threats,and Harmful Discriminatory Behavior Toward Asian Americans     

Qin Zhang 《Communication Research Reports》2016,33(1):1-8

This study examined the ameliorating effects of intergroup contact with Asian Americans on negative stereotypes, perceived threats, and harmful discriminatory behaviors toward them. The results of multivariate regression analyses indicated that intergroup contact with Asian Americans adversely predicted negative stereotypes (i.e., excessive competence and deficient sociability), perceived realistic and symbolic threats, and active and passive harmful discriminatory behaviors toward them. The findings highlighted the utmost importance of intergroup contact in improving intergroup attitudes and behaviors.  相似文献   

Comment on Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners     

Jordan Santos-Concejero  Ross Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(1):96-98

Mooses and colleagues suggest that running economy alone does not explain superior distance running performance in elite Kenyan runners. Whilst we agree with the multi-factorial hypothesis for Kenyan running success, we do not believe that running economy can be overlooked to the extent that it was based on this particular study. Based on the methods used and the range of athletes tested, in this response letter we question whether this study provides any basis for downplaying the influence of running economy or suggesting that other factors compensate for it to enable superior performance.  相似文献   

“武、巫、舞”的融合与分解：非洲武技与中国武术差异性释例          下载免费PDF全文

Tailing Tene Rodrigue 《体育科研》2016,(5):66-70

从非洲文化的角度介绍“非洲武技”（或“非洲武艺”）的概念,描述非洲人对格斗术的理解并提出“非洲武技”的“武、巫、舞”概念,即将格斗、巫术和舞蹈的三位一体视为“非洲武技”的核心。另外,简要对比非洲武技与中国武术两个概念,以显出二者的相似与差异之处,便于促进中非文化理解。最后简单介绍了“非洲武技”中比较为有代表性的格斗术如Engolo、Dambe、Laamb、Donga以及 Zulu Stick Fighting（祖鲁棍法）。  相似文献   

A Survey of Documentary Materials Available on U.S. Tribal Websites     

Michele Seikel 《Journal Of Archival Organization》2016,13(1-2):37-46

This survey of official U.S. tribal websites examined sites for documentary materials of importance to each tribe that have been archived online, including such materials as historical essays, photos, videos, maps, newspapers, legal and historical documents, historical images, books, pamphlets, bibliographies, cultural and language materials. The materials found on those websites appear to be intended for the use of both tribal members and the general public. The result of the survey was to show that many of the same types of documentary materials held in tribal archives are also available on official websites, and to produce a current snapshot of the large array of tribal records which have been made openly available, although the length of time each document will be available on each site is unknown.  相似文献   

《日用家当》——美国黑人文学双重文化的反映     

赵月 《鞍山师范学院学报》2007,9(3):75-76

美国黑人文学既继承了非洲的文化传统又成长于美国文明的土壤中,有着双重文化的特点,本文通过对美国黑人文学《日用家当》的分析,透视了黑人文学中双重文化的特点.  相似文献   

“They Even Speak Tsotsitaal with Their Teachers at School”: The Use (and Abuse) of African Urban Youth Languages in Educational Contexts     

Ellen Hurst-Harosh 《Africa Education Review》2020,17(1):35-50

Abstract

African Urban Youth Languages (AUYLs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight of linguists and sociolinguists across the continent, who are investigating their relationship to standard and/or vernacular varieties. Simultaneously, they are being discussed by educators and education researchers, although little has yet been published in this critical area. The difficulties for educators posed by students speaking “non-standard” varieties has been highlighted by recent studies investigating literacy and language in the classroom. This article presents an overview of some of the challenges posed to education by AUYLs. It considers recent studies of AUYLs in educational contexts from around the continent. It then presents data from South Africa which highlights different orientations towards the South African AUYL “Tsotsitaal” in educational domains. The argument is made that the position of both teachers and pupils is vulnerable, and that the legitimacy of the distinction between standard language and urban vernacular language needs to be reconsidered.  相似文献   

中非文化交流困境及中国对非教育的使命     

项建英 《比较教育研究》2011,(12):38-42

在中非友好交流进程中,文化的战略性地位日益凸显。然而,中非文化是两种不同的文化型式,由于文化型式间发展的不平衡,它们在交流过程中必然会产生一些困境与障碍。教育是文化交流的重桥梁和纽带,在消解中非文化交流困境中,中国对非教育负有重的使命。  相似文献   

中国进口非洲石油面临的机遇与挑战     

饶丹珍 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2007,27(5):90-92

非洲的石油储量巨大，被祢为“第二个海湾地区”。近年来，非洲石油工业发展迅速，成为全球石油勘探活动最活跃的一个新区。在非洲发掘新的市场空间，不仅是西方大国重视非洲的因素，也是中国外交不可忽视的因素。中国进口非洲石油面临着前所未有的机遇，也面临着前所未有的挑战，总的来说机遇大于挑战。  相似文献