How repeated studying and testing affects multimedia learning: Evidence for adaptation to task demands     

《Learning and Instruction》2016

Two biases can occur in multimedia learning: overconfidence and over-reliance on text processing. The present research sought to identify these biases and to investigate whether they can be reduced, and hence learning fostered, when studying and testing are repeated. In 2 experiments (Exp.1: N = 79, Exp.2: N = 52), students learned either with text only or with text and pictures (multimedia) about how the toilet flush works, gave judgments-of-learning (JOLs), were tested on the learning contents; afterwards this study-test cycle was repeated. Results from both experiments revealed stronger overconfidence due to multimedia in both study-test cycles (JOLs higher than learning outcomes). Eye movement data showed a relative increase in attention on the picture versus text from cycle 1 to cycle 2; this relative increase in attention was related to better learning outcomes. Repeated studying and testing thus helped to reduce over-reliance on text processing in multimedia learning, fostering performance.  相似文献   

What makes a skilled writer? Working memory and audience awareness during text composition     

Denis Alamargot  Gilles Caporossi  David Chesnet  Christine Ros 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):505-516

This study investigated the role of working memory capacity as a factor for individual differences in the ability to compose a text with communicative efficiency based on audience awareness. We analyzed its differential effects on the dynamics of the writing processes, as well as on the content of the finished product. Twenty-five graduate students composed a procedural text explaining how to assemble a model turbine. They were free to consult a documentary source, featuring captioned pictures of turbine parts and assembly steps, at any time. Graphomotor and eye movements were recorded using ‘Eye and Pen’ software with an eye-tracker and digitizing tablet. Results showed that high WM capacity writers used a different strategy to explore the visual source, making longer writing pauses and producing more detailed procedures, and achieved the communicative goal more efficiently, by introducing more reader supports. In conclusion, we discuss the feasibility of audience awareness training.  相似文献   

意图谬见：评帕特里克·怀特《风暴眼》中伊恩形象的经典误读     

毕跃忠 《廊坊师范学院学报》2011,27(2):37-39

《风暴眼》是1973年诺贝尔文学奖得主,澳大利亚当代小说家帕特里克·怀特的代表作。小说中的主人公伊思自始至终在现实与想象之间游弋徘徊,不能审时度势,而是顽固地抱守着虚假的自我认同：英雄主义、骑士精神和浪漫情结。将伊思这一形象置于英美新批评派代表人物维姆萨特提出的“意图谬见”理论镜像中,读者可以看出：被经典批评加冕为“悲情英雄”的伊思事实上毫无英雄色彩可言,称其为“英雄”,乃是对这一人物形象的经典误读。  相似文献   

论光与眼睛及色彩的关系     

孔繁荑 《中国教育研究与创新》2005,2(6):29-31

“花开红树乱莺啼．草上平湖白鹭飞。”试想．如果没有太阳，你会感知到花开鸟飞的美景吗？也不会有什么蓝天、白云、青山、绿水、红色的苹果、黄色的柑橘、金首饰、银餐具、宽阔的马路、高大的楼房、美丽的脸蛋、华丽的时装等等。如果是在一片漆黑的夜晚里，再好看的一切，也都会失去它的魅力。  相似文献   

The beginning of decoding     

Philip B. Gough 《Reading and writing》1993,5(2):181-192

It is widely agreed that children recognize their first words in a different way than they later decode. One hypothesis is that sight words are recognized as wholes, another that they are recognized by parts. Two experiments were devised to compare these hypotheses. In one, children were taught a sight word accompanied by a salient extraneous cue and then tested for recognition of the word and the cue. In the other, children were taught sight words, then tested for recognition of each half of the word. The children were found to recognize the cue but not the word; they recognized one half of the word but not the other. The results support the idea that first words are recognized by selective association.  相似文献   

The integration of information in a digital,multi-modal learning environment     

《Learning and Instruction》2019

The aim of the reported eye-tracking study was to investigate whether learners integrate information presented on several pages within a digital learning environment and whether the underlying processes differ between a purely text-based and a multi-modal digital learning environment. Participants (N = 97) learned about the development of tornados. Picture presentation (yes vs. no) and presentation of inconsistent information between pages (yes vs. no) was varied between-subjects. Results showed that inconsistent information led to more intense gaze behavior. This indicates that learners re-activated information presented on previous pages to integrate it with the actual information, enabling them to detect the inconsistencies. Furthermore, the data pattern for text-related gaze behavior was not influenced by picture presentation, indicating that cognitive processes in purely text based or multi-modal learning environments are much the same. Comprehension outcomes did not differ between groups. The implications of these results are discussed.  相似文献   

The eye-mind of processing written feedback: Unraveling how students read and use feedback for revision     

《Learning and Instruction》2023

This research aims to promote our understanding of feedback engagement processes in writing tasks using a combination of online and offline measures, including eye-tracking, thinking-aloud, and text-analyses. Study 1 explored how sixteen students read, evaluate, and use feedback for revision. Results revealed three feedback processing strategies: (1) superficial processing (n = 6), which is characterized by reading feedback in a linear way, without critically rereading or revising the text, (2) local processing (n = 6) in which students switched between reading the comments and the commented text, and (3) deep processing (n = 4) in which students integrated the feedback with both commented and uncommented parts of the text and made more substantial revisions. In Study 2, we investigated the local and deep feedback reading strategy in more detail with 41 students using a within-subject design with different types of feedback. Results demonstrated the same strategies among students, but also that the focus of feedback affected students' revision behavior, above and beyond an individual feedback processing strategy. This finding is in line with previous research that emphasized the effects of feedback characteristics on students’ use of feedback. By triangulating various process measures, this research is one of the first that provides empirical evidence for different feedback processing strategies among students. These novel insights in individual feedback engagement processing can be used to extend and refine current theories on how, when, and why feedback works and for whom.  相似文献   

Eye tracking technology to audit google analytics: Analysing digital consumer shopping journey in fashion m-retail     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

Rapid changes in digital consumer behaviour, influenced by exponential adoption of smartphones, require timely and sophisticated responses from retailers to these consumer needs. With a growing amount of big data available, fashion retailers need to innovate and develop more sophisticated analytics for new consumer behaviours such as m-commerce. This research has considered how Google Analytics data can be applied to develop customer journey maps to understand digital consumer behaviour. A multi-method research design was used, incorporating an innovative mobile eye tracking technology and mobile fashion consumer data from Google Analytics. Digital customers’ shopping journeys on the fashion retailer’s website were mapped using data sourced from eye tracking and Google Analytics, gathered in parallel. The comparison of these shopping journeys allowed a critical evaluation of the precision and usefulness of the Google Analytics database. Google Analytics tracked only half of the digital users’ activities, whereas eye tracking data documented digital consumers’ interaction with all elements of the fashion retailer’s website. The conclusion reached is that eye tracking can be used to audit the Google Analytics database for potential gaps in data and also to inform and improve marketing decision-making.  相似文献   

种族主义内在化下的“他者”——以托尼·莫里森的《最蓝的眼睛》为例     

陶芸 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(2):86-88,98

本论文以托尼·莫里森的《最蓝的眼睛》为例,揭示了美国主流社会白人种族主义的压迫给黑人身心造成了难以弥补的伤害。白人文化霸权下的黑人慢慢地失去了自我,成为了"他者",甚至将种族主义内在化了,自觉地以白人文化意识为标准,异化了黑人民族的审美观和价值观,摒弃了自我的身份认同。  相似文献   

对提高少儿武术套路质感“四步曲”的研究     

袁东 《搏击·武术科学》2012,(9):50-51,59

随着全民健身运动的开展和普及,少儿武术越来越受到人们的重视,从最近几年举行的武术比赛来看,少儿的初级套路项目相应增多.但少儿武术这项工程依然任重道远.文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,对如何提高少儿武术套路质感进行了分析研究.研究得出,提高少儿武术套路的动作质感可通过规格、劲力、眼法、节奏四步进行.  相似文献