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人体内脂肪酸(FFA)与糖相比具有贮量大、单位质量贮能高等特点，是长时间运动的理想能源。研究认为有氧训练可以提高骨骼肌对脂肪的氧化能力。但有关脂肪的研究远没有对糖的研究那样深入与广泛。本文结合近来的有关脂肪代谢的研究成果从脂肪组织的脂解和FFA的运输、FFA跨肌肉细胞膜的运转、FFA跨线粒体膜的运转、肌肉中甘油三酯(IMTG)的动用4个方面作几点探讨，旨在对运动与脂肪代谢的研究做一点贡献。 相似文献
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本研究以北京市府办公厅工作人员研究对象,通过问卷调查法、数理统计分析法和现场测试法,对其身体健康和身体成分进行研究,以便对他们提高健康和身体素质状况提出指导意见。 相似文献
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通过对58名中年女性实施6个月的有氧健身操锻炼,探讨有氧健身操对中年女性身体成分和心肺功能的影响。结果显示,长期参加有氧健身操锻炼,可以降低体脂、静态心率及血压,提高台阶指数和肺容量,对预防中年女性心血管疾病具有重要作用。 相似文献
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耐力运动对高脂膳食诱导的脂肪肝小鼠UCP2与Mn-SOD表达及与脂肪肝关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究耐力运动对高脂膳食诱导的C57BL/6J脂肪肝小鼠肝脏UCP2及Mn-SOD表达与脂肪肝的关系.方法:以高脂膳食诱导的脂肪肝小鼠为模型,分析耐力运动20周后肝脏UCP2及Mn-SOD表达变化与肝脏脂肪变的关系.结果:肝脏UCP2与Mn-SOD在高脂膳食组(HS组)均显著升高;恢复正常膳食结合耐力运动20周组(RE组),Mn-SOD表达进一步升高,而UCP2表达显著降低.HS组形成明显的脂肪肝,恢复正常膳食加20周不运动组与恢复正常膳食结合20周耐力运动组脂肪肝得到明显改善,但RE组改善更为明显.结论:耐力运动可能以上调Mn-SOD表达而下调UCP2表达,达到既清除活性氧又减少肝脏线粒体ATP合成降低目的,从而保护肝脏免受过多活性氧和ATP耗尽的损伤. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(4):284-292
PurposeThe present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group (SG, n = 13) and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group (VG, n = 17) on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group (CO, n = 14).MethodsTraining for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates (HRs) of ∼155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition (DXA), phosphocreatine (PCr) on- and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during standardised submaximal exercise were performed.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered (p = 0.03) by 1.7% ± 2.4% from 37.5% ± 6.9% to 35.8% ± 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated (4% ± 8%, p = 0.04), with no changes in VG or CO (time-group effect: p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training (6% ± 5% of HRmax, p = 0.01).ConclusionShort duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women. 相似文献
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BackgroundLycium barbarum (also called wolfberry), a famous Chinese traditional medicine and food ingredient, is well recognized for its significant role in preventing obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its preventive effects on fat accumulation are not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MTT was used to detect the proliferation of 3T3-Ll preadipocytes. Oil red O staining and colorimetric analysis were used to detect cytosolic lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology was used to detect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression.ResultsThe concentration of LBP from 25 to 200 μg/mL showed a tendency to inhibit the growth of preadipocytes at 24 h, and it inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In the preadipocytes treated with 200 μg/mL LBP, there were reduced lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, and its effect was opposite to that of rosiglitazone (ROS), which significantly reduced the PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, FAS, and LPL mRNA expression of adipocytes.ConclusionsLBP exerts inhibitive effects on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreases the cytoplasm accumulation of lipid droplets during induced differentiation of preadipocytes toward mature cells. Above phenomenon might link to lowered expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, FAS, and LPL after LBP treatment. Thus, LBP could serve as a potential plant extract to treat human obesity or improve farm animal carcass quality via adjusting lipid metabolism.How to cite: Xu X, Chen W, Yu S, et al. Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide treatment in 3T3-L1 cultures. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.01.003 相似文献
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本文试验采用三因子二次通用旋转组合设计,建立并分析了密度、氮、磷与双低春油菜产量、含油量关系的数学模型。结果表明,不同密度和氮、磷施肥水平对春油菜产量、产油量影响显著,氮、磷施肥水平对春油菜含油量影响显著,密度对春油菜含油量影响不喧显著。 相似文献
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E. V. Lambert J. A. Hawley J. Goedecke T. D. Noakes S. C. Dennis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):315-324
Carbohydrate ingestion before and during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue (reduced power output). Therefore, endurance athletes are recommended to ingest diets high in carbohydrate (70% of total energy) during competition and training. However, increasing the availability of plasma free fatty acids has been shown to slow the rate of muscle and liver glycogen depletion by promoting the utilization of fat. Ingested fat, in the form of long-chain (C 16-22 ) triacylglycerols, is largely unavailable during acute exercise, but medium-chain (C 8-10 ) triacylglycerols are rapidly absorbed and oxidized. We have shown that the ingestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols in combination with carbohydrate spares muscle carbohydrate stores during 2 h of submaximal (< 70% VO 2 peak) cycling exercise, and improves 40 km time-trial performance. These data suggest that by combining carbohydrate and medium-chain triacylglycerols as a pre-exercise supplement and as a nutritional supplement during exercise, fat oxidation will be enhanced, and endogenous carbohydrate will be spared. We have also examined the chronic metabolic adaptations and effects on substrate utilization and endurance performance when athletes ingest a diet that is high in fat (> 70% by energy). Dietary fat adaptation for a period of at least 2-4 weeks has resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in resistance to fatigue during prolonged, low- to moderate-intensity cycling (< 70% VO 2 peak). Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that mean cycling 20 km time-trial performance following prolonged submaximal exercise is enhanced by 80 s after dietary fat adaptation and 3 days of carbohydrate loading. Thus the relative contribution of fuel substrate to prolonged endurance activity may be modified by training, pre-exercise feeding, habitual diet, or by artificially altering the hormonal milieu or the availability of circulating fuels. The time course and dose-response of these effects on maximizing the oxidative contribution of fat for exercise metabolism and in exercise performance have not been systematically studied during moderate- to high-intensity exercise in humans. 相似文献
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Changes in workload are evident during many physical activities. The aim of this study was to assess total substrate metabolism when the temporal placement of a period of higher-intensity work (75% VO 2max ) was varied within a low-intensity exercise session (50% VO 2max ). One experimental trial (higher intensity first) comprised 5 min low-intensity work, followed by 15 min high-intensity work, followed by 40 min low-intensity work. The other trial (low intensity first) comprised 40 min low-intensity work, followed by 15 min high-intensity work, followed by 5 min low-intensity work. The trials were designed to achieve an identical total energy expenditure. Energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate utilization were estimated by expired gas analysis and compared between conditions. Mean total energy expenditure during the higher-intensity phase was 1076 kJ and 1128 kJ in the high-intensity first and low-intensity first trials respectively (t 6 = -3.76, P = 0.0047). Mean total energy expenditure for the whole trial was 3356 kJ and 3452 kJ in the high-intensity first and low-intensity first trials respectively (t 6 = -3.48, P = 0.0065). Mean whole-trial fat utilization was 1753 kJ and 1857 kJ in the high-intensity first and low-intensity first trials respectively (t 6 = -0.76, P = 0.24). Our findings suggest that changing the temporal placement of higher-intensity work within a low-intensity exercise session has a significant effect on total energy expenditure but not on the rate of fat oxidation. 相似文献
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国外新开发的双能X—线吸收测量法应用于软组织成分的测量已取得成功。但现有的资料和数据都足以表明,对该技术应用于身体成分测量的可行性论证是不成熟的。 相似文献