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1.
采用运动现场对60名9～12岁游泳运动员进行个体乳酸阈(ILT)测定,结果显示:9～12岁游泳运动员的ILT在2.00～3.10 mmol/L之间,100 m自由泳后血乳酸峰值出现在7.1～12.6 mmol/L范围内,均较成年运动员值偏低,反映了少年运动员机体代谢的特异性,提示在实践中应根据少年运动员生理特点合理安排运动训练与教学. 相似文献
2.
本文主要介绍了意大利运动理论和方法论专家ＥｌｉｏＬｏｃａｔｅｌ,和法国著名的运动生理实验室专家ＬａｕｒｅｎｔＡｒｓａｃ关于１００ｍ跑的机械效率和能量学研究的成果,并对此谈几点启示。 相似文献
3.
通过对大鼠进行不同方式运动后测定肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和血尿素血液指标进行研究。本实验旨在找出一种既能够导致大鼠运动性肌肉损伤又简便易行的损伤模型。在下坡跑、负重游泳和钝器打三种方式中以负重游泳120min和下坡跑组的血清指标值较高。负重游泳120min这种实验模型既可以导致运动大鼠运动性肌肉损伤，又简便易行，可以作为实验研究的主要实验模型。 相似文献
4.
小鼠实验性缺氧脑和肺组织MDA、LD及LDH的变化(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨小鼠实验性缺氧脑和肺组织丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）、乳酸（Lactic acid,LD）含量和乳酸脱氢酶（Lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）活性变化。方法：18只小鼠随机分为3组,①正常对照组;②急性缺氧组;③急性一氧化碳染毒组。分别测定脑和肺组织MDA、LD、LDH含量和活性。结果：急性缺氧组和急性一氧化碳染毒组小鼠脑和肺组织MDA和LD含量显著增高。LDH活性在两实验组小鼠肺组织显著降低,而在脑组织无显著性改变。结论：MDA和LD含量在缺氧早期脑和肺组织是易变化性指标,其改变可能与该组织损伤程度有关。肺较脑对缺氧产生的自由基损伤更敏感。 相似文献
5.
Jonathon Weakley Shaun McLaren Carlos Ramirez-Lopez Amador García-Ramos Nick Dalton-Barron Harry Banyard 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):477-485
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences and long-term reliability in perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses to velocity loss resistance training protocols. Using a repeated, counterbalanced, crossover design, twelve team-sport athletes completed 5-sets of barbell back-squats at a load corresponding to a mean concentric velocity of ~0.70 m·s?1. On different days, repetitions were performed until a 10%, 20% or 30% velocity loss was attained, with outcome measures collected after each set. Sessions were repeated after four-weeks. There were substantial between-protocol differences in post-set differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE, i.e., breathlessness and leg muscles, AU) and blood lactate concentration (B[La], mmol·L?1), such that 30%>20%>10% by small to large magnitudes. Differences in post-set countermovement jump (CMJ) variables were small for most variables, such that 30%<20%<10%. Standard deviations representing four-week variability of post-set responses to each protocol were: dRPE, 8–11; B[La], 0.8–1.0; CMJ height, 1.6–2.0; CMJ PPO, 1.0–1.8; CMJ PCV, 0.04–0.06; CMJ 100ms-Impulse, 5.7–11.9. Velocity loss thresholds control the magnitude of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses to resistance training. For practitioners wanting to reliably prescribe training that can induce a given perceptual, metabolic, or neuromuscular response, it is strongly advised that velocity-based thresholds are implemented. 相似文献
6.
To examine the activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing, we performed computerized time-motion analyses and measured the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of 27 referees during 43 competitive matches in the two top Danish leagues. To relate match performance to physical capacity and training, several physiological tests were performed before and after intermittent exercise training. Total distance covered was 10.07 - 0.13 km (mean - s x ), of which 1.67 - 0.08 km was high-intensity running. High-intensity running and backwards running decreased (P ? 0.05) in the second half. Mean heart rate was 162 - 2 beats· min -1 (85 - 1% of maximal heart rate) and the mean blood lactate concentration was 4.9 - 0.3 (range 1.7-14.0) mmol·l -1 . The amount of high-intensity running during a match was related to the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test ( r 2 = 0.57; P ? 0.05) and the 12 min run ( r 2 = 0.21; P ? 0.05). After intermittent training ( n = 8), distance covered during high-intensity running was greater (2.06 - 0.13 vs 1.69 - 0.08 km; P ? 0.05) and mean heart rate was lower (159 - 1 vs 164 - 2 beats· min -1 ; P ? 0.05) than before training. The results of the present study demonstrate that: (1) top-class soccer referees have significant aerobic energy expenditure throughout a game and episodes of considerable anaerobic energy turnover; (2) the ability to perform high-intensity running is reduced towards the end of matches; (3) the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test can be used to evaluate referees' match performance; and (4) intense intermittent exercise training improves referees' performance capacity during a game. 相似文献
7.
Billy Sperlich Matthias Haegele Silvia Achtzehn John Linville Hans-Christer Holmberg Joachim Mester 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):609-614
Abstract Three textiles with increasing compressive surface were compared with non-compressive conventional clothing on physiological and perceptual variables during sub-maximal and maximal running. Fifteen well-trained endurance athletes (mean ± s: age 27.1 ± 4.8 years, [Vdot]O2max 63.7 ± 4.9 ml · min?1 · kg?1) performed four sub-maximal (～70%[Vdot]O2max) and maximal tests with and without different compression stockings, tights, and whole-body compression suits. Arterial lactate concentration, oxygen saturation and partial pressure, pH, oxygen uptake, and ratings of muscle soreness were recorded before, during, and after all tests. In addition, we assessed time to exhaustion. Sub-maximal (P = 0.22) and maximal oxygen uptake (P = 0.26), arterial lactate concentration (P = 0.16; 0.20), pH (P = 0.23; 0.46), oxygen saturation (P = 0.13; 0.26), and oxygen partial pressure (P = 0.09; 0.20) did not differ between the types of clothing (effect sizes = 0.00–0.45). Ratings of perceived exertion (P = 0.10; 0.15), muscle soreness (P = 0.09; 0.10) and time to exhaustion (P = 0.16) were also unaffected by the different clothing (effect sizes = 0.28–0.85). This was the first study to evaluate the effect on endurance performance of different types of compression clothing with increasing amounts of compressive surface. Overall, there were no performance benefits when using the compression garments. 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
9.
雾湿天气条件对运动能力影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解雾湿天气对机件各种功能活动的影响，本文在晴朗和雾湿二种天气条件下，对机体最大吸氧量以及完成相同递增负荷直至最大工作能力时机体的体力状况进行研究。结果发现，雾湿天气使最大摄氧量和握力显著下降；进行轻量负荷后，心率和RPE与晴朗天气无异，但进行亚极量以上强度运动后，心率和RPE显著增大；在最大负荷工作时，雾显天气使运动至力竭时间显著缩短，而最大心率和最高血乳酸均显著增大。因此认为，雾湿天气对运动能力有不良的影响，并提示在雾温天气下进行体育教学和训练时要适当降低运动负荷。 相似文献
10.
以湖北队8名男子皮艇运动员为研究对象,运用皮艇测功仪进行测试,观察运动员在定量负荷下血乳酸值的变化,以评价测功仪训练对运动员耐酸能力的影响。结果：在周期训练过程中,男子皮艇运动员的平均乳酸阈功率显著提高（P〈0.05）;250m测试成绩显著提高（P〈0.05）,个别队员极显著（P〈0.01）。结论：乳酸阈功率显著提高,说明周期训练有效提高了运动员的耐酸能力。 相似文献