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激活后增强效应(PAP)已经被证明可以作为运动前的一种激活策略。本文重点关注PAP干预纵跳能力,对纵跳能力的PAP激活策略、PAP产生的机制进行系统综述,得出以下结论:PAP能在短期内提高纵跳能力,可以作为纵跳活动前的一种激活策略,建议采用杠铃深蹲或半蹲跳作为激活手段,负荷强度可定在80%-90%1RM,负荷量为3-5次×1组,间歇时间应充分考虑负荷强度与负荷量的搭配以及个体恢复水平。个体的性别、训练水平以及力量水平不同,其PAP激活程度不同,教练员在采用PAP作为激活策略时,充分考虑个体因素,关注激活程度较高的个体,且注意激活后疲劳的消除。PAP产生的机制主要是肌球蛋白磷酸化、运动单位募集能力增强、肌纤维羽状角的改变。本文通过讨论不同的激活程序与个体因素对PAP干预纵跳能力的影响,旨在探寻最佳激活策略与原理,为PAP理论体系的完善奠定基础。 相似文献
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Lynne A. Munro Stephen R. Stannard Philip W. Fink Andrew Foskett 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1442-1450
ABSTRACTParticipant and protocol factors affect post-activation potentiation response. Performance enhancement is more consistent in highly-trained participants following multiple sets of a biomechanically similar conditioning activity. Providing optimal conditions, 6 international-level sprint cyclists executed multiple sets of short maximal conditioning contractions on a high-inertia ergometer before metered sprint performance. Three trial conditions were completed on separate days after a standardised warm-up: dynamic (DYN: 4 × 4 crank-cycles), isometric (ISO: 4 × 5-sec maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)), and control (CON: rest). Performance was measured from standing start to maximum velocity on an inertial-load ergometer at baseline (Pre), 4 (Post4), 8 (Post8) and 16 (Post16) min post-conditioning. Performance and biomechanical measures were assessed across 4 sprint segments, with magnitude-based inferences used to assess the likelihood that any affect was beneficial. Performance time only improved in DYN Post4, a 3.9% reduction during the first crank cycle (92% likely). On the ascending limb of the power-cadence relationship, peak torque and average power increased by 6.2% (94% likely) and 4.0% (87% likely), respectively. In ISOPost16, optimal cadence increased (82% likely) and average power improved over the descending limb (76% likely). DYN and ISO potentiated extremities of the torque-cadence relationship at distinct recovery times post-conditioning. This study suggests merit in including a high-inertia warm-up for sprint cycling. 相似文献
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