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1.
Mooses and colleagues suggest that running economy alone does not explain superior distance running performance in elite Kenyan runners. Whilst we agree with the multi-factorial hypothesis for Kenyan running success, we do not believe that running economy can be overlooked to the extent that it was based on this particular study. Based on the methods used and the range of athletes tested, in this response letter we question whether this study provides any basis for downplaying the influence of running economy or suggesting that other factors compensate for it to enable superior performance. 相似文献
2.
Jemima Grace Spathis Mark James Connick Emma Maree Beckman Peter Anthony Newcombe Sean Michael Tweedy 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(8):863-871
Paralympic throwing events for athletes with physical impairments comprise seated and standing javelin, shot put, discus and seated club throwing. Identification of talented throwers would enable prediction of future success and promote participation; however, a valid and reliable talent identification battery for Paralympic throwing has not been reported. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of a talent identification battery for Paralympic throws. Participants were non-disabled so that impairment would not confound analyses, and results would provide an indication of normative performance. Twenty-eight non-disabled participants (13 M; 15 F) aged 23.6 years (±5.44) performed five kinematically distinct criterion throws (three seated, two standing) and nine talent identification tests (three anthropometric, six motor); 23 were tested a second time to evaluate test–retest reliability. Talent identification test–retest reliability was evaluated using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots (Limits of Agreement). Spearman’s correlation assessed strength of association between criterion throws and talent identification tests. Reliability was generally acceptable (mean ICC = 0.89), but two seated talent identification tests require more extensive familiarisation. Correlation strength (mean rs = 0.76) indicated that the talent identification tests can be used to validly identify individuals with competitively advantageous attributes for each of the five kinematically distinct throwing activities. Results facilitate further research in this understudied area. 相似文献
3.
男青少年部分下肢肌肉肌腱形态
和运动能力的相关研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用日本产超声波断层扫描仪，对人体内最粗大的肌腱——跟腱及小腿三头肌，进行深入的无创性形态测量，并对青春期男性青少年部分下肢肌肉肌腱形态和反映速度及下肢爆发力等运动指标，进行相关分析。结果发现，跟腱长与运动能力相关不具显著性；跟腱测量的传统方法有待改进。 相似文献
4.
Andrea Giorgi Maurizio Vicini Luca Pollastri Erica Lombardi Emilio Magni Andrea Andreazzoli 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(22):2608-2613
Bioelectrical impedance vector-analysis (BIVA) describes cell-mass, cell function and hydration status of an individual or a group. The goal of the present investigation was to provide bioelectrical impedance data for 525 male road cyclists (155 professionals, 79 elite, 59 elite-youth, and 232 amateurs) at the time of their optimal performance level. Data were plotted on the resistance-reactance (R-Xc) graph to characterize cyclists group vectors using BIVA. Compared to the general male population, the mean vector position of the road cyclists indicates a higher body cell mass (BCM) and phase angle (p<0.001). The vector position of the high-performance, compared to the amateur cyclists showed similar patterns with higher BCM and phase angles and higher reactance values for the high-performance athletes (p<0.001). The bio-impedance data were used to calculate the 50%, 75%, and 95% tolerance ellipses of each group of cyclists. The characteristic vector positions of the road cyclists indicate normal hydration and greater muscle mass and function of the high-performance cyclists compared to amateur cyclists and the normal population. The cyclists specific tolerance ellipses, particularly the high-performance cyclists might be used for classifying a cyclist according to the individual vector position and to define target vector regions for lower level cyclists. 相似文献
5.
Natasha Schranz Grant Tomkinson Tim Olds Nathan Daniell 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):459-469
Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the anthropometric differences between elite senior Australian rowers and the Australian adult population using three-dimensional (3D) whole-body scanning. The dimensions of senior rowers competing at the 2007–2008 Australian Rowing Championships were compared with those of an age-matched sample of Australian adults. Mass, height, and sitting height were measured before the participants underwent a 3D whole-body scan, with lengths, breadths, girths, cross-sectional and surface areas, and volumes extracted from each scan. Differences in means and variability between the two groups were expressed as standardized effect sizes and ratios of coefficients of variation. Heavyweight rowers were generally much larger than the general population in absolute size, with 3D dimensions and height and mass showing the largest effects. In contrast, lightweight rowers were generally similar or smaller in absolute and proportional size. The dimensions of rowers, especially the lightweights, were also generally less variable than those of the general population. The greatest differences between elite rowers and the general population were seen in dimensions that could not be captured without 3D scanning, such as segmental volumes and cross-sectional areas. 相似文献
6.
拥有健美男子的体型是男性所梦寐以求的。研究通过对1999年全国健美锦标赛参赛男运动员的体围测量、统计，经与国内外相关男子体围指数比较，并运用黄金分割法检验，获得了健美男子的身高与不同部位的理想体围比例指数：身高(100)；颈围(21．94)；肩围(71)；胸围(61．8)；腰围(43．88)；臀围(55)；上臂围(21．01)；前臂围(17)；大腿围(33．99)；小腿围(21．01)。 相似文献
7.
本文探讨了“Fuzzy二元对比排序法”对体育定性指标的定量评价,并和体育测量与评价中的“成对比较法”作了对比 相似文献
8.
Roberta J. Park 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):1-22
Abstract In this introductory article to the 50th Anniversary Issue, Roberta J. Park traces the efforts of professional physical education organizations, especially at the national level, to accommodate scholarly/research interests. She describes the forerunner of the Research Quarterly and the way in which efforts led to establishment of a research journal. Park tells the history of the Quarterly since its inception in 1930 and notes a number of concerns related to its operations and policies that have been periodically expressed over the past 50 years. Several of these issues have assumed increasing importance as a result of the knowledge explosion in the various subdisciplines in physical education, along with the problems associated with expanding our national organization and its ability to serve all of its interest groups. 相似文献
9.
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a soccer-training season on the anthropometric and performance characteristics of elite youth soccer players. Two groups (age: 14.4 years) participated in this study: 1) 24 soccer players training 8 to 10 hours per week and 2) 26 non-athletic boys used as controls. Anthropometric measurements, aerobic (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1) and anaerobic (counter-movement-jump (CMJ), squat-jump (SqJ), five-jump-test (5JT), and speed (T5m, 10 m, 30 m)) performances were assessed twice during 8 months (T0: October; T1: May) of the competitive season. Data showed significant differences in height and weight at T0 between the two groups (P < 0.05), while no difference in the percentage of body fat (%BF) was observed. However, the soccer players were significantly taller and had lower %BF than age-matched controls at T1. Compared to the controls, the soccer players attained better results in the physical fitness test (P < 0.05) at T0 and T1 except in (T5m) sprinting speed. Hence, significant improvements (P < 0.05) in physical parameters were observed between T0 and T1 only in soccer players. The results demonstrate that soccer-training season was able to provide maturation free improvement in anthropometric and performance characteristics in young soccer players during the training season. 相似文献
10.
Jack H. Wilmore 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):415-425
Abstract Body composition has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize in the prevention of and rehabilitation from hypokinetic diseases. This review article discusses the state of the art within selected areas of body composition, including the following: exercise in appetite regulation, the use of body density to estimate relative body fat in selected populations, the use of anthropometric equations to estimate body composition, and alterations in body composition with exercise training. It was concluded that acute bouts of exercise may have short term anorexigenic effects, but that alterations in appetite with extended periods of training are less clearly defined. Exercise training does result in modest decreases in total and fat weight and in relative body fat, and small increases in lean body weight. However, these alterations are not substantial. Finally, major research efforts are needed to improve methodology in body composition assessment. 相似文献