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糖是人体重要的能源物质，与人体的运动能力有着不可分割的密切关系。通过补糖，不仅可以提高运动能力，延缓运动性疲劳的出现，还可以促进运动性疲劳的恢复。为此，本文通过分析运动训练中糖原合成与运动的关系，糖原耗竭对机体的影响，总结出运动训练的膳食补糖方法。 相似文献
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对云南省3个主要产烟区不同品种、不同部位烟叶中碳水化合物含量的变化规律以及不同施肥情况、连作和轮作对烟叶样品中碳水化合物含量的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明轮作烟叶样品中总糖和淀粉含量均高于连作烟叶样品;不同施肥情况的烟叶样品中总糖含量的变化规律与淀粉含量的变化规律正好相反;不同部位烟叶样品中总糖、淀粉和总细胞壁物质含量的变化规律也各不相同. 相似文献
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糖生物学--破解基因组功能的必由之路 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
金城 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2001,18(1):66-45
介绍了糖生物学研究的意义和动态,包括糖链与糖结合蛋白识别介导的细胞黏附,糖链在新生肽链折叠过程中、在免疫系统中、在细胞信号传导中的作用,糖链与微生物感染、糖链代谢疾病、糖链的化学合成与分析,以及糖生物学研究的特点和发展趋势. 相似文献
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探讨运动前连续三天进食不同血糖指数（GI）、血糖负荷（GL）食物对人体耐力及代谢的影响。方法采用平衡重复测试法。7名男子耐力运动员进行两个主要实验,每个主要实验之前均进行糖原耗竭运动,随后受试者随机进食三天含相等热量的低血糖指数、低血糖负荷（L—L）,高血糖指数、低血糖负荷（H—L）的碳水化合物（CHO）食物,每个实验间隔至少7天。L—L饮食组每天提供10．0gCHO／kg体重,H—L饮食组每天提供3．0gCHO／kg体重。测试日受试者安静休息2h,首先在水平跑台上以70％V02max的强度运动1h,随后以最短时间完成10kin耐力运动能力测试。结果：连续三天进食不同血糖指数、血糖负荷食物后,L—L与H—L相比运动时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;H—L实验组总的CHO利用量明显低于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）,总的脂肪利用量明显高于L—L实验组（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
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本文所推荐的论文是一篇较有代表性的、值得学习和借鉴的优秀科研报道。研究背景文献清楚;研究命题创新性强,具较高的理论和实践意义;试验设计简单合理;实验过程控制严谨;指标测试体系有代表性;讨论部分逻辑清晰,层层推进;结论简洁,合理。当然,本研究当中也存在一些不足之处。例如：虽然此研究中采用了自身对照的实验方法,但仍无法回避样本量太小的事实。另外,营养学研究中身体基线状态的控制也应值得注意,无论是受试者运动前几天的饮食状况,还是训练情况都需要进行严格控制,这对于保持受试者每次测试前的生理状态和营养状态的一致性是很有必要的。 相似文献
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Nesrin M. N. El Hadidi 《文物保护研究》2017,62(2):83-95
Hardwoods and softwoods were used side by side throughout Egyptian history, and importing softwoods that had an attractive color and texture was common. Over the decades, artifacts based on hardwoods and softwoods underwent deterioration phenomena, sometimes reaching either a level of brittleness or turning into a wood powder that may easily crumble. These levels of decay/degradation are often difficult to handle in terms of conservation treatments. To study or identify the reasons for decay has always been a point of interest for conservation purposes, but to assess decay and choose an appropriate treatment according to the state of preservation for the sake of keeping an artifact intact has become a subject of major importance. It is difficult at times to understand the deterioration process, because hardwoods and softwoods are different in structure, properties, and chemical composition. For this preliminary study, decayed samples from three commonly used softwood types, cypress (Cupressus sp.), cedar (Cedrus sp.), and pine (Pinus sp.), were identified and chosen. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the samples indicated the degree of decay. Decayed and non-aged samples of the same wood type were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and all the major carbohydrate and lignin bands were recorded. The strong hydrogen bonded (O–H) stretching absorption associated with water linked by hydrogen bonds to the –OH groups of cellulose and hemicelluloses in all decayed samples increased with decay. The brown powdery, fragile samples that had been evidently affected by microbial decay had a higher amount of lignin. The lignin/carbohydrate ratio was calculated and results compared. The increase of either lignin percentage or extractives in some of the samples had caused a darkening of color in both cypress and cedar samples, but the pine sample did not have the same texture and appearance. In cases where the lignin percentage decreased the samples had changed to a slightly lighter color. FTIR results explained the decay phenomena observed in SEM micrographs and helped assess wood decay and also confirmed results that had been previously obtained while applying traditional chemical analysis on wood. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased availability of blood‐borne glucose would improve endurance after carbohydrate loading. A single‐leg exercise model was employed, taking advantage of the fact that supercompensation of muscle glycogen occurs only in a previously exercised limb. Endurance time to exhaustion at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined for 11 males and three females who were then allocated to a control group or a high‐carbohydrate (CHO) group. For 3 days following Test 1 the control group maintained a prescribed normal diet whilst the CHO group increased the proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate (62.1 ± 4.3% cf. 43.9 ± 2.0%, P < 0.01). The endurance test was then repeated using the leg that was inactive during Test 1. Endurance time was increased on Test 2 (123.7 ± 43.2 min cf. 98.5 ± 21.9 min, P <0.05 one‐tailed test) for the CHO group but not for the control group (101.8 ± 21.7 min cf. 107.5 ± 9.1 min, NS). There was no indication of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism during Test 2 for the CHO group but mean heart rate was lower during Test 2 than during Test 1 (145 ± 14 beat min ‐1 cf. 152 ± 12 beat min ‐1, P<0.05). These results suggest that the prior consumption of a high‐carbohydrate diet improves endurance during high‐intensity cycling with a limb with normal muscle glycogen concentration. 相似文献
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Naomi Y.J. Brinkmans Nick Iedema Guy Plasqui Loek Wouters Wim H.M. Saris Luc J.C. van Loon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2759-2767
ABSTRACTSelecting effective dietary strategies for professional football players requires comprehensive information on their energy expenditure (EE) and dietary intake. This observational study aimed to assess EE and dietary intake over a 14-day period in a representative group (n = 41) of professional football players playing in the Dutch Premier League (Eredivisie). Daily EE, as assessed by doubly labelled water, was 13.8 ± 1.5 MJ/day, representing a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.75 ± 0.13. Weighted mean energy intake (EI), as assessed by three face-to-face 24-h recalls, was 11.1 ± 2.9 MJ/day, indicating 18 ± 15% underreporting of EI. Daily EI was higher on match days (13.1 ± 4.1 MJ) compared with training (11.1 ± 3.4 MJ; P < 0.01) and rest days (10.5 ± 3.1 MJ; P < 0.001). Daily carbohydrate intake was significantly higher during match days (5.1 ± 1.7 g/kg body mass (BM)) compared with training (3.9 ± 1.5 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and rest days (3.7 ± 1.4 g/kg BM; P < 0.001). Weighted mean protein intake was 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg BM. Daytime distribution of protein intake was skewed, with lowest intakes at breakfast and highest at dinner. In conclusion, daily EE and PAL of professional football players are modest. Daily carbohydrate intake should be increased to maximize performance and recovery. Daily protein intake seems more than adequate, but could be distributed more evenly throughout the day. 相似文献