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Mhairi Keil Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek Katherine Brooke-Wavell 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):65-71
The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 12 elite male wheelchair basketball players (age 31 ± 7 years, BMI 21 ± 2 kg/m2 and onset of disability 25 ± 9 years). Two whole body scans were performed on each participant in the supine position on the same day, using Lunar Prodigy Advance DXA (GE Lunar, Madison, WI, USA). Participants dismounted from the scanning table and were repositioned in-between the first and second scan. Whole body coefficient of variation (CV) values for bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM) and soft tissue lean mass (LTM) were all <2.0%. With the exclusion of arm FM (CV = 7.8%), CV values ranged from 0.1 to 3.7% for all total body and segmental measurements of BMC, FM and LTM. The least significant change that can be attributed to the effect of treatment intervention in an individual is 1.0 kg, 1.1 kg, 0.12 kg for FM, LTM, and BMC, respectively. This information can be used to determine meaningful changes in body composition when assessed using the same methods longitudinally. Whilst there may be challenges in the correct positioning of an individual with disability that can introduce greater measurement error, DXA is a highly reproducible technique in the estimation of total and regional body composition of elite wheelchair basketball athletes. 相似文献
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Natalie Campbell 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2018,42(6):769-783
This article presents the narrative accounts of six elite student-para-athletes attending higher education full time in the UK. Whilst literature concerning the student-athlete population in the UK is growing, there is no research at present that brings to the fore the voices of student-athletes who represent their country in Paralympic sports. In addition, research concerning the experiences of higher education students with disabilities in the UK is heavily concerned with the experience of learning as opposed to the more nuanced experiences of ‘being’ a university student. Accounts concerning the lived experience of higher education were gathered via semi-structured interviews and analysed through a process of interpretative phenomenological analysis producing an intricate, intimate and personal theme for each participant. Analysed and presented as individual case studies, the research demonstrates the uniqueness of experience despite the existence of common and shared life environments. The accounts explore three life-worlds – university, elite sport and disability – and expose the difference in meaning-making by each participant to the identities of ‘athlete’, ‘student’ and ‘disabled’, specifically within the context of higher education. The accounts are presented as three themes that illuminate the contrast in experience: (1) university as a normative and positive experience; (2) university as a disappointing and hindering experience; and (3) university as an experience of personal salvation and purpose. Findings are mapped to the social-relational model of disability to better understand the relationship between individual perception, impairment and environment. 相似文献
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社会环境对我国残疾人田径运动的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我国残疾人田径运动主要社会背景中,训练条件和国家政策和政府投入是起了主导作用,很大程度上决定了我国残疾人田径运动继续发展的前景.我国在近些年来由于发布了许多有关保障残疾人权益的法规和政策,对我国残疾人参加体育活动和体育比赛提供了良好的精神环境.但是在一些具体的配套措施上和物质投入仍需进一步加大力度,使我国残疾人田径运动的物质环境得到改善.我国优秀残疾田径运动员的训练条件日趋改善,但相应政策法规的宣传工作还需加强,经费还需增加,场地器材还需增设,以保证残疾田径运动员能够得到长期的系统训练,在国际比赛中取得更好的成绩,以此来带动更多的普通残疾人提高体育意识,主动地参与身体锻炼. 相似文献
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Annemarie M. H. de Witte Marco J. M. Hoozemans Monique A. M. Berger Rienk M. A. van der Slikke Lucas H. V. van der Woude Dirkjan Veeger 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):23-32
The aim of this study was to develop and describe a wheelchair mobility performance test in wheelchair basketball and to assess its construct validity and reliability. To mimic mobility performance of wheelchair basketball matches in a standardised manner, a test was designed based on observation of wheelchair basketball matches and expert judgement.Forty-six players performed the test to determine its validity and 23 players performed the test twice for reliability. Independent-samples t-tests were used to assess whether the times needed to complete the test were different for classifications, playing standards and sex. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to quantify reliability of performance times.Males performed better than females (P < 0.001, effect size [ES] = ?1.26) and international men performed better than national men (P < 0.001, ES = ?1.62). Performance time of low (≤2.5) and high (≥3.0) classification players was borderline not significant with a moderate ES (P = 0.06, ES = 0.58). The reliability was excellent for overall performance time (ICC = 0.95).These results show that the test can be used as a standardised mobility performance test to validly and reliably assess the capacity in mobility performance of elite wheelchair basketball athletes. Furthermore, the described methodology of development is recommended for use in other sports to develop sport-specific tests. 相似文献
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Recent research has recognized sports coaching as complex, chaotic and cognitively taxing for coaches. Against this backdrop, the present paper explores challenges faced by high-level coaches working with disabled performers. Specifically, it seeks to understand how coaches create mental models of performance in adventure sports and para-canoe. Five coaches were purposively sampled and underwent a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis revealed conceptualizing the mental model as being mechanically related for all and as including a social construction within the para-canoe coaches. Reflection on the coaching process and on personal characteristics were perceived as important to individualized inclusive coaching. Coach training should particularly emphasize the need for critical judgement and decision-making skills within a similarly oriented social structure of coaches and support staff where applicable. 相似文献
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2008年北京奥运会之后,奥运遗产成为中国奥林匹克运动研究的重点领域。2015年北京成功获得2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会主办权。北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产实现可持续发展成为亟待深入研究的重要课题。运用文献研究法与逻辑分析法对国内外奥运遗产研究概况、奥林匹克运动发展过程中的奥运遗产概念内涵及作用进行分析认为,冬奥会遗产研究有待深入。北京2022年冬奥会及冬残奥会遗产的学术研究的实践意义在于:为中国相关政策制定提供建议;探讨北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产可持续发展的新模式;向其他冬奥会举办地提供中国经验和中国智慧。北京2022年冬奥会及冬残奥会遗产的学术研究的理论意义在于:理清北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产的作用与价值;扩大北京2022年冬奥会遗产研究对象,扩充奥林匹克文化内涵;丰富北京2022年冬奥会遗产的研究内容。北京2022年冬奥会及冬残奥会遗产的学术研究的政治意义在于:彰显中国竞技体育实力,坚定"四个自信";展现中国发展成就,助力中外民间友好交往;参与北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会遗产建设,助力中国经济社会建设。 相似文献
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