Validating Automated Measures of Text Complexity          下载免费PDF全文

Kathleen M. Sheehan 《Educational Measurement》2017,36(4):35-43

Automated text complexity measurement tools (also called readability metrics) have been proposed as a way to help teachers, textbook publishers, and assessment developers select texts that are closely aligned with the new, more demanding text complexity expectations specified in the Common Core State Standards. This article examines a critical element of the validity arguments presented in support of proposed metrics: the claim that criterion text complexity scores developed from students’ responses to reading comprehension test items are reflective of the difficulties actually experienced by students while reading. Evidence that fails to support this assertion is examined, and implications relative to the goal of obtaining valid, unbiased evidence about the measurement properties of proposed readability metrics are discussed.  相似文献   

Generalized Hamming Distance   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Abraham Bookstein  Vladimir A. Kulyukin  Timo Raita 《Information Retrieval》2002,5(4):353-375

Many problems in information retrieval and related fields depend on a reliable measure of the distance or similarity between objects that, most frequently, are represented as vectors. This paper considers vectors of bits. Such data structures implement entities as diverse as bitmaps that indicate the occurrences of terms and bitstrings indicating the presence of edges in images. For such applications, a popular distance measure is the Hamming distance. The value of the Hamming distance for information retrieval applications is limited by the fact that it counts only exact matches, whereas in information retrieval, corresponding bits that are close by can still be considered to be almost identical. We define a Generalized Hamming distance that extends the Hamming concept to give partial credit for near misses, and suggest a dynamic programming algorithm that permits it to be computed efficiently. We envision many uses for such a measure. In this paper we define and prove some basic properties of the Generalized Hamming distance, and illustrate its use in the area of object recognition. We evaluate our implementation in a series of experiments, using autonomous robots to test the measure's effectiveness in relating similar bitstrings.  相似文献   

‘I’m just a numbers person’: the complexity,nature and effects of the quantification of education     

Ian Hardy 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2015,25(1):20-37

This paper draws upon the sociology of numbers, particularly work by Theodore Porter, to reveal the multifarious ways in which numbers actively constitute practices in schools. Drawing upon a case study of one low-performing school in a low-performing region in the state of Queensland, Australia, and theorising into the sociology of numbers, the research explores the complex ways in which numbers came to constitute and dominate the practices in this school site under a broader national, state and regional policy context demanding rapid improvements in various forms of standardised tests and associated practices. Specifically, the research reveals a strong and simultaneous focus by teachers upon a variety of numeric data collected at national, regional and local levels, and intricate relations between these data; multiple visualisation, triangulation and comparison approaches towards such data in virtual and physical formats; and the enumerative nominalisation of both students and their reading attainment in relation to specific, concretised levels of achievement and various types of scale scores. The research cautions against the sheer volume of such enumerative practices, which, while productive of teachers’ understandings of student capacity against standardised measures of achievement, may also lead to a more reductive view of education, dominated by concerns about achievement in standardised tests (and associated practices) alone.  相似文献   

The effect of school closures on standardised student test outcomes     

Joana Elisa Maldonado  Kristof De Witte 《British Educational Research Journal》2022,48(1):49-94

The school closures owing to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis resulted in a significant disruption of education provision, leading to fears of learning losses and of an increase in educational inequality. This article evaluates the effects of school closures based on standardised tests in the last year of primary school in the Dutch-speaking Flemish region of Belgium. Using a 6-year panel, we find that students of the 2020 cohort experienced significant learning losses in three out of five tested subjects, with a decrease in school averages of mathematics scores of 0.17 standard deviations and Dutch scores (reading, writing, language) of 0.19 standard deviations as compared to previous cohorts. This finding holds when accounting for school characteristics, standardised tests in Grade 4 and school fixed effects. Given the large observed effect sizes, the effect of school closures appears to be a combination of lost learning progress and learning loss. Moreover, we observe that inequality both within schools and across schools rises by 7% for mathematics and 8% for Dutch. The learning losses are correlated with observed school characteristics, as schools with a more disadvantaged student population experience larger learning losses.  相似文献   

Personalized and object-centered tag recommendation methods for Web 2.0 applications     

Fabiano M. Belém  Eder F. Martins  Jussara M. Almeida  Marcos A. Gonçalves 《Information processing & management》2014

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An evaluation framework for cross-lingual link discovery     

Ling-Xiang Tang  Shlomo Geva  Andrew Trotman  Yue Xu  Kelly Y. Itakura 《Information processing & management》2014

Cross-Lingual Link Discovery (CLLD) is a new problem in Information Retrieval. The aim is to automatically identify meaningful and relevant hypertext links between documents in different languages. This is particularly helpful in knowledge discovery if a multi-lingual knowledge base is sparse in one language or another, or the topical coverage in each language is different; such is the case with Wikipedia. Techniques for identifying new and topically relevant cross-lingual links are a current topic of interest at NTCIR where the CrossLink task has been running since the 2011 NTCIR-9. This paper presents the evaluation framework for benchmarking algorithms for cross-lingual link discovery evaluated in the context of NTCIR-9.  相似文献   

研究与开发绩效评价在中国:实践与趋势   总被引：37，自引：2，他引：37  

许庆瑞  郑刚  徐操志  刘景江 《科研管理》2002,23(1):46-53

文章首先简单回顾了我国R&D评价的发展历程 ,然后详细总结归纳了在实践中常用的R&D绩效测度理论与方法 ,并对各种理论与方法的优缺点和评价设计的误区进行分析和评论。最后 ,作者在借鉴国内有关R&D绩效评价的最新理论与实践进展的基础上 ,对我国今后的R&D绩效评价的发展趋势进行了描述和预测 ,希望能对我国该领域的发展起到抛砖引玉的作用  相似文献   

黑龙江省信息化水平的测算与分析     

高洁  乔立春  罗春水 《情报科学》2002,20(3):225-229

本文阐述了信息化指数模型的基本原理，构建了一个适于当今社会信息化水平的信息化指数模型，并在此基础上对黑龙江省的信息化指数进行了测算与分析。  相似文献   

基于云银行模型下云服务的服务质量度量方法研究     

陈竹  李浩 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(3)

随着云计算的广泛应用,云服务的QoS问题也正逐渐显现,业界对云服务质量的相关研究方兴未艾。笔者对此问题提出了一套完整的服务质量度量方法,根据度量的结果加入到服务等级协议（CBSLA）中,使CBSLA成为各方往来的依据。通过这种方式,可以将研究成果广泛应用于对云计算QoS控制策略的评价、选择、定价和优化上。  相似文献   

Altmetrics的形成与演进:理论假说、发展阶段及学科关系     

张洋  庞进京  母丹 《图书情报工作》2021,64(23):141-150

[目的/意义] Altmetrics诞生十周年之际，对其前期发展情况进行总结，有助于推动其往积极方向发展。[方法/过程] 利用文献计量方法进行量化研究以展现Altmetrics领域的总体研究和发展情况；从术语变迁、定义等方面揭示其内涵；提出三种理论假说寻求Altmetrics存在合理性的理论支撑；划分不同阶段梳理其发展程度；分析它与其他学科的关系以明确学科属性及价值。[结果/结论] Altmetrics为计量学提供了一种新思维、新方法；开放科学假说、数字学术假说和学术传承假说符合新环境Altmetrics发展的新特点，有效支撑了Altmetrics的存在与发展；Altmetrics发展迅速，但现阶段处于发展初期，且国内外发展程度存在差异；在辨析与其密切相关学科之间关系的基础上，认为需推动Altmetrics自身学科纵深发展以及加强跨学科的合作研究。  相似文献