知觉运动技能的时空透视与心理反应过程     

郭炎林 《山西师大体育学院学报》2010,25(5):110-113

通过对知觉运动技能心理反应过程的分析,指出在开放性的球类项目中,运动员的知觉能力是运用时空透视的感觉体验,在＂知觉到＂连续体上确认刺激位置的表现;同时反应了运动员的预期决策能力（运动决策Ⅰ）,即通过知觉判断对方要＂做什么＂的能力。其次,是运动员对确认信号＂球＂的碰撞时间或接触时间TTC的知觉与动作反应程序及组织的运动决策能力的表现（运动决策Ⅱ）,即队员＂如何做＂的能力。  相似文献   

Mapping Time-to-Contact and Time-to-Peak Effector Velocity in Interceptive Striking Tasks     

Alek Rothenberg-Cunningham  Karl M. Newell 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):414-421

Purpose: This study investigated perception and action coupling as reflected in a mapping between time-to-contact (TTC) and time-to-peak-velocity (TPV) for children and youths aged 7 to 8, 11 to 12, and 15 to 16 years old and adults aged 19 to 20 years old performing a task that allowed the participants to self-select the interception position in a baseball-like batting game on a graphics tablet. Method: The moving object to be hit for distance had curvilinear trajectories toward the hitter that were determined by simulated weightings of gravity and velocity. Results: Successful interceptions in all age groups were characterized by a mapping of mean TTC and TPV and a higher correlation of these variables with increasing age. The object was hit at approximately 90% TPV so that the implement was still accelerating on contact—an adaptive task feature for a striking distance criterion. Conclusion: The results are consistent with theories of perception–action coupling that are congruent with the ecological and dynamical approaches to action where TTC, a source of environmental information, is mapped relative to TPV, largely independent of the particular kinematic task demands of the approaching object. The organization of the coupling of TTC prior to TPV was evident across all age groups and is evidence for a common strategy for this type of interceptive action. The age-related changes in the strength of the relationship between TTC and TPV are evidence of increased sensitivity to the coupling between TTC and TPV.  相似文献   

Acquiring an Attacking Forehand Drive: The Effects of Static and Dynamic Environmental Conditions     

Reinoud J. Bootsma  Marc H. J. Houbiers  H. T. A. Whiting  Pieter C. W. van Wieringen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):276-284

Abstract

Two groups of 10 novice subjects each were trained to perform attacking forehand drives in table tennis and land the balls as fast and as accurately as possible onto a target on the opposite side of the net under two different training conditions. Under the static training condition, the balls were to be struck from a constant position, and under the dynamic training condition, balls approached the subjects in a normal way. Both groups were tested under dynamic conditions prior to and after four days of training, during which they received 1,600 practice trials. Both groups of subjects were shown to increase the number of balls that landed on the target, and learning was also evident from an increased consistency of the direction of travel of the bat at the moment of ball/bat contact. However, no increase in consistency was found for the location of the bat at the moment of ball/bat contact and for the movement times. Thus, learning can occur in the absence of externally generated time-to-contact information, but this is not due to the establishment of a consistent movement form. Learning appears to progress from control at the moment of ball/bat contact backward, toward the moment of initiation.  相似文献   

Object Rotation Effects on the Timing of a Hitting Action     

Mark A. Scott  John van der Kamp  Geert J. P. Savelsbergh  Raôul R.D. Oudejans  Keith Davids 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):130-137

Abstract

We investigated how perturbing optical information affects the guidance of an unfolding hitting action. Using monocular and binocular vision, six participants were required to hit a rectangular foam object, released from two different heights, under four different approach conditions, two with object rotation (to perturb the viewed surface area) and two without. Participants made more misses under monocular conditions, and the presence of rotation had a significant effect on the duration between the arm's peak velocity and its contact with the object. We conclude that binocular information contributes to the timing of interceptive tasks. In addition, the guidance of interceptive actions does not appear to be based solely on object expansion information picked up from the viewed surface area.  相似文献