A meta-analysis of maturation-related variation in adolescent boy athletes’ adaptations to short-term resistance training     

Jason Moran  Gavin R. H. Sandercock  Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo  César Meylan  Jay Collison  Dave A. Parry 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1041-1051

This meta-analysis investigated the maturation-related pattern of adaptations to resistance training in boy athletes. We included studies examining the effects of 4–16-week resistance training programmes in healthy boy athletes aged 10–18 years. Pooled estimates of effect size for change in strength across all studies (n = 19) were calculated using the inverse–variance random effects model for meta-analyses. Estimates were also calculated for groups based on likely biological maturity status (“before”, “during” and “after” peak height velocity). Using the standardised mean difference, resistance training increased strength across all groups (effect size = 0.98, [CI: 0.70–1.27]). Strength gains were larger during (1.11 [0.67–1.54]) and after (1.01 [0.56–1.46]) peak height velocity than before (0.5 [?0.06–1.07]). Adaptations to resistance training are greater in adolescent boys during or after peak height velocity. These findings should help coaches to optimise the timing of training programmes that are designed to improve strength in boy athletes.  相似文献   

The influence of 2 weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training on health outcomes in adolescent boys     

Alan R. Barker  Josephine Day  Aaron Smith  Bert Bond  Craig A. Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):757-765

Abstract

The present study aimed to establish whether 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training would have a beneficial effect on aerobic fitness, fat oxidation, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in healthy adolescent boys. Ten adolescent boys (15.1 ± 0.3 years, 1.3 ± 0.2 years post-estimated peak height velocity) completed six sessions of Wingate-style high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period. The first session consisted of four sprints with training progressed to seven sprints in the final session. High-intensity interval training had a beneficial effect on maximal O₂ uptake (mean change, ±90% confidence intervals: 0.19 L · min^?1, ±0.19, respectively), on the O₂ uptake at the gas exchange threshold (0.09 L · min^?1, ±0.13) and on the O₂ cost of sub-maximal exercise (–0.04 L · min^?1, ±0.04). A beneficial effect on the contribution of lipid (0.06 g · min^?1, ±0.06) and carbohydrate (–0.23 g · min^?1, ±0.14) oxidation was observed during sub-maximal exercise, but not for the maximal rate of fat oxidation (0.04 g · min^?1, ±0.08). Systolic blood pressure (1 mmHg, ±4) and BMI (0.1 kg · m², ±0.1) were not altered following training. These data demonstrate that meaningful changes in health outcomes are possible in healthy adolescent boys after just six sessions of high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period.  相似文献   

心肺健康特征指标有氧耐力训练效果的遗传预测标记研究进展     

周文婷 《天津体育学院学报》2014,29(3):264-267

运动训练后个体的机能水平受多种因素影响,其中环境和遗传因素在很大程度上起决定作用。某一群体可能因携带特定基因型对运动训练 具有更高的敏感性,从而表现出更好的训练效果。训练效果的遗传学研究已开展40余年,在有氧耐力训练效果的个体差异领域,研究最系统,成果 也最丰富,但有关心肺健康特征指标有氧耐力训练效果的遗传预测标记研究方兴未艾。为此,综述了迄今为止该领域的候选基因法及全基因组研 究进展,旨在为相关研究的开展提供参考和研究方向。综述后发现,40余个基因的愈百位点/单体型与我国北方汉族人的有氧耐力训练敏感性相 关,血管紧张素转化酶基因等18个候选基因的作用则有待商榷。在全基因组研究中,训练后在50 W功率输出水平下每搏量（SV50）和亚极量运动 心率（HR50）分别与驱动蛋白家族成员5B基因编码区内的rs211302和位于cAMP反应元件连接蛋白1基因座5’区的rs2253206及rs2360969相关联; 通过将转录物组学与基因组学技术结合,获得了11个可共同影响23%VO2max训练效果变化量的SNPs;而在多个HERITAGE项目研究中,则分别发 现了与45%的VO2max训练效果个体差异显著相关的16个SNPs,100%影响HR50训练效果个体异质性的9个SNPs,以及20%影响20周标准耐力训 练后60% VO2max强度运动下摄氧量（△VO260）的13个SNPs及单体型。  相似文献   

学习者策略研究与大学英语教学   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

段艳丽 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2002,4(1):90-92

学习策略研究已成为第二语言和外语教学与研究中的一个重要课题。学习策略可分为四类，即学习策略、结合策略、交际策略和社交策略。这些策略对语言学习有着直接或间接的影响。探讨这些策略的作用及策略的可训练性，有利于提高大学英语教学的质量。  相似文献