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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):353-361
AbstractWe investigated the effects of ingesting carbohydrate gels with and without caffeine on a ~90-minute, four blocks intermittent sprint test (IST), in 12 recreationally trained male athletes. Using a cross-over design, one 70 ml dose of gel containing either 25 g of carbohydrate with (CHOCAF) or without (CHO) 100 mg of caffeine, or a non-caloric placebo (PL) was ingested on three occasions: one hour before, immediately prior to and during the IST. Blood glucose, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and fatigue index (FI) were analysed. Glucose showed significantly higher values for both CHOCAF and CHO at the first (p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively), second (p=0.009 and 0.008, respectively) and third (p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively) blocks when compared with PL, while only CHOCAF was significantly different to PL (p=0.002) at the fourth block. CHOCAF showed an improved FI (mean 5.0, s =1.7) compared with CHO (mean 7.6, s =2.6; p=0.006) and PL (mean 7.4, s =2.4; p=0.005), a significantly lower RPE (mean 14.2, s =2) compared with PL (mean 15.3, s =2; p=0.003) and a trend in respect of CHO (mean 14.9, s =2.3; p=0.056) after the third block. In conclusion, ingesting CHOCAF one hour before, prior to and during an IST is effective at transiently reducing fatigue and RPE whilst maintaining higher glucose levels at the final stages of the exercise. 相似文献
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R.J. Yquel L.M. Arsac E. Thiaudiere P. Canioni G. Manier 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):427-437
In this study, we examined the effect of creatine ingestion on muscle power output, muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis, inorganic phosphate and pH during repeated brief bouts of maximal exercise. Nine healthy males performed maximal plantar flexion before and after creatine ingestion (20 g ·day -1 for 6 days). The experimental protocol consisted of five 8 s bouts (bouts 1-5) interspersed with 30 s recovery, followed by bouts 6 (8 s) and 7 (16 s) separated by 1 and 2 min, respectively. Muscle phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and pH were estimated every 16 s by 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. After creatine ingestion, muscle power output increased by ~5% ( P ? 0.05) from bouts 3 to 7 and muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis increased ( P ? 0.05) during 10 min recovery. The higher phosphocreatine concentration observed after only 30 s of recovery was accompanied by lower inorganic phosphate accumulation and higher pH. Strong correlations were found between exercise power restoration and the corresponding pre-exercise phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate concentrations and muscle pH after creatine ingestion. The better maintenance of muscle power output observed after creatine ingestion was attributed to a higher rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis, lower accumulation of inorganic phosphate and higher pH. 相似文献
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为研究在训练中和训练后联合补充谷氨酰胺(Gln)对运动员机体的影响.10名运动员分别进行两次75%最大摄氧量的功率自行车运动,运动员在两次测试中分别补充谷氨酰胺(补充组)和安慰剂(补组)饮料,在运动后开始60 min,受试者进行第一次谷氨酰胺或麦芽糖糊精饮料的补充,然后每隔45 min服用等剂量的饮料,再服用4次,直到运动结束后2 h,在不补组,血浆谷氨酰胺浓度在运动后即刻有所降低;而在补充组,血浆谷氨酰胺浓度基本没有变化.在运动后2 h,补充组和不补组,血浆Gln浓度虽然都有所降低,但是在Gln补充组,血浆Gln的降低没有统计学意义,而在不补组,降低结果具有显著性. 相似文献
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本文以董说独特的双重身份所造就的其思想的双重性为出发点,从儒释两个角度定位《西游补》的思想价值,论述其所表现出的双重文化特征。 相似文献
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Apostolos S. Theodorou Carlton B. Cooke Roderick F. G. J. King Colin Hood Terry Denison Barney G. Wainwright 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):853-859
We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3 +/- 16.5 s before vs 43.7 +/- 16.3 s after supplementation; P ? 0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer term creatine supplementation or placebo,neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7 +/-13.5 s before vs 38.7 +/- 14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7 +/- 18.0 s before vs 48.7 +/- 18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group. 相似文献
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Shikha Sharma Rahul Jain Pradeep Kumar Dabla 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):313-317
Extensive data from animal and human studies indicate a role of vitamin D in erythropoiesis. Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are implicated with adverse health effects in children even if they are asymptomatic. The potential relationship between the two remains poorly understood. A cross-sectional study was performed in the period from 1st May 2012 through 30th April 2013 and subjects were classified into vitamin D deficiency (VDD), vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) and vitamin D sufficiency (VDS) groups according to their 25(OH) D levels. A total of 263 children were included in the analysis. Anaemia was present in 66 % of 25(OH) D deficient subjects compared with 35 % in vitamin D sufficient individuals (p < 0.0001). The association of breast feeding and development of VDD was also significant (p < 0.05). Serum levels of 25(OH) D were found lower in female sex and if the analysis was performed in the winter/spring season. Physicians should therefore assess vitamin D levels in all anaemic children and ensure adequate supplementation to prevent deficiencies. 相似文献
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本文综述了家禽营养中生物素的研究成果。主要包括：生物素的吸收与代谢、缺乏症、饲料中生物素的利用以及家禽日粮中生物素的补充等。 相似文献
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洪宗海 《宁波广播电视大学学报》2011,9(4):47-48,64
将简洁的汉语句子译成复杂的英语句子,往往需要使用一些增补手段。由于汉英两种语言结构的不同而需要的增补主要有：增加冠词、人称代词或物主代词、关系代词或关系副词、连词、介词、助动词等;为了保证意思清晰完整而需要的增补主要有：增加名词、代词、副词、分词短语等。 相似文献
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