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Evaluation is essential in assessing different areas of performance especially in educational institutions. Conversely, upward evaluation is emerging in the Philippine educational institutions. However, issues concerning upward evaluations hinder its regular implementation. This study ascertained the impact between and among instructional supervisory behavior, teachers’ trust to instructional supervisors, teachers’ emotional exhaustion, need to evaluate and teachers’ want to have an upward evaluation. This also found teachers’ viewpoint of a bottom-up design of evaluation. With 278 teacher respondents, the multi-aspect survey questionnaires were utilized. This study employed structural equation modelling. Path analysis was also conducted to examine simultaneous relationships and direct effect among latent variables at 0.05 level of significance. This study provides implications to implementation of evaluations in educational institutions. 相似文献
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姚慧 《绵阳师范学院学报》2012,31(7):56-59
与陆天明的《苍天在上》、张平的《抉择》等主流色彩浓厚的反腐小说不同,新时期描写官场的小说多转向新写实,这类小说更注重描写原生态的官场。作家用可堪玩味的态度把“场中人”的无奈一一呈现。小说从对官场的关注上升到对整个社会、整个时代的关注,深刻揭示了在金钱、权力等欲望中生存的现代人的精神困惑和信仰危机。其中,作家们对古典精神沦落的叹惋,对整个社会人生的关注,对人性的探索构成了小说的独到之处。 相似文献
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Speaking Up Competently: A Comparison of Perceived Competence in Upward Dissent Strategies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeffrey W. Kassing 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(3):227-234
Recent dissent research indicates that employees report using several different strategies for expressing their dissent to management and supervisors (i.e., upward dissent). The purpose of this study was to compare previously recognized upward dissent strategies in terms of perceived competence. Employees completed a survey instrument that asked them to assess the competence of different upward dissent strategies. Results indicate that employees perceived solution presentation to be the most competent upward dissent strategy, followed by direct-factual appeal, repetition, and circumvention. Threatening resignation was perceived as the least competent upward dissent strategy. 相似文献
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本文通过借用管理学中“向上交际”这个概念来探讨如何促进中国课堂英语教学中的“向上交际”这个问题,从而最终达到增强学生在课堂上进行向上交际的兴趣和提高他们英语交际能力的目的。 相似文献
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双向因果链包含上向因果链和下向因果链,指系统层次间的相互作用。如果把句子看做一个系统,句子成分就可以构成不同的层次,因此有句子的双向因果链。通过以“王冕死了父亲”为例,可以看到双向因果链分析对于句子解读的重要作用。所以句法分析引入自然辩证法中的双向因果链概念显得具有现实可操作性。 相似文献
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The practice of organizational democracy requires members to exert influence. However, members often “pass” on the opportunity to exercise upward influence because they perceive the act to be threatening to them or to their supervisors. Drawing from Porter's early political theory of upward influence (Porter, Allen, &; Angle, 1981), this study examined the role of relationship maintenance behavior and relationship quality in shaping threat perceptions in 2 different influence contexts. A survey of 319 working adults revealed that established patterns of relationship maintenance behavior predisposed employees to view situations involving upward influence to be more or less threatening. The current quality of the leader–member relationship was an even more substantive predictor. However, context moderated the relational effects. Relationship variables accounted for more variance in perceived threat when the influence was intended to advance legitimate (organizational), rather than illegitimate (personal), objectives. It is suggested that a “threat management” model of communication could guide future research on upward influence and similarly risky forms of workplace communication. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Cross flow and heat transfer were widely found in oil production and chemical facilities.A detailed study of the hydrodynamic characteristics and heat transfer of cross flow is necessary for optimal design of the system and the development of new measuring techniques.Studies on the heat transfer in sin-gle-phase liquid cross flow were carried out in the past decades.Air or water was often chosen as the working fluid,in these studies commonly focused on fluids flowing across r… 相似文献
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杨明芳 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2011,26(5):101-104
长期以来存在的城乡二元经济结构使我国城乡差距、贫富差距逐步拉大,在这种背景下,我国社会底层人群向上流动越来越困难,流动的空间也越来越狭小,这将会成为一个恶性循环,并将对我国社会的稳定造成不利影响。纳克斯"贫困的恶性循环理论"对我国社会底层人群向上流动困难问题研究有很重要的启示作用,对该问题进行原因分析,并努力提出解决该问题的对策和建议,有利于我国社会人群合理流动和和谐社会的构建。 相似文献
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Envy is an ancient theme of interest and various academic disciplines researched the topic in the last decades. With the advance of technologies and the popularity of social networking sites (SNSs), there is a need to comprehend what is new and unique about envy in the SNS environment. To contribute to an improved understanding of this phenomenon, we investigate academic research on envy in the context of SNSs. Particularly, in this work, we review and clarify the concept of envy in the SNS context and how users respond to envy they experienced in an SNS environment. This allows us to (1) better comprehend the conceptualization and theorization of envy in the SNS context, and to (2) identify particularities of users’ responses to envy. Based on our analysis, we observe that there exists a need to contextualize definition, operationalization and theorization further. Responses to SNS-induced envy mirror findings from the offline context with purchase intentions as an interesting and relevant behavioral response for the SNS context, since most revenues are generated by advertisement on these sites. We provide directions for future investigations on the phenomenon of SNS-induced envy. 相似文献