运动中的酸碱平衡与碱盐摄入     

王晨 《体育科研》2003,24(4):60-61

采用文献资料法对人体酸碱平衡机制进行分析研究,并对碱盐摄入与对运动员成绩的影响进行了探讨,结果认为适当碱盐摄入对提高运动成绩有帮助.  相似文献   

补脾活血中药对小鼠运动时物质代谢机能的影响   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

曹建民  冯炜权 《北京体育大学学报》1995,(1)

利用补脾活血中药灌服小白鼠结合游泳训练，实验结果表明，6周游泳训练对小鼠的血清睾酮水平没有显著影响，训练结合补脾及补脾活血中药的灌眼，可显著提高小鼠血清睾酮水平；服药组可显著提高小鼠肌糖原含量，加速肌糖原的恢复；服药组使小鼠血清β－脂蛋白、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇含量显著低于训练及安静组。揭示服药可明显改善机体脂蛋白和脂代谢能力；眼药组可使血液脂肪酸（FFA）含量及FFA／白蛋白比值显著低于训练及安静组；服药组可显著降低血清胆红素、谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性，揭示服用中药可明显改善肝脏物质代谢能力，加速肝功能的恢复；在所有服药组中，补脾活血组效果较单独补脾和活血组为好。  相似文献   

武术、体操女运动员最大有氧工作能力的预测     

翁玉泉  徐光辉 《上海体育学院学报》1991,(1)

为准确预测运动员的最大吸氧量,本文对武术、体操女运动员定量工作时的心率、氧脉搏、肺通气量等生理指标,通过计算机分析处理,选择其中较显著的因素建立了三个最优逐步回归方程。通过验证,其预测结果能准确反映运动员的身体工作能力。  相似文献   

低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄徐根  冯连世  徐建方  路瑛丽 《体育科学》2007,27(10):61-68,96

目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。  相似文献   

Childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake behaviors in adulthood: A birth cohort study     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a wide range of chronic medical conditions including obesity, other metabolic events and eating disorders. However, little is known about the association between childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake. This study addresses the extent to which co-occurring and specific forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment are associated with self-reported high dietary fat intake in adulthood and whether there is a gender–childhood maltreatment interaction in predicting this association. The study also examines the association between age at substantiation of maltreatment, number of childhood maltreatment substantiations and high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. The data were from a prospective Australian pre-birth mother-child dyads study, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. The study followed 7223 mother-child dyads following the birth of a live, singleton baby at the Mater hospital. Recruitment was early in pregnancy, and then follow-ups at 3–5 days postpartum and again when the child was 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years of age. The data were linked to agency-substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment 0–14 years. This study extended the data linkage to 3766 (47.4% female) participants who had complete data on dietary fat intake behaviors at the 21-year follow-up. Consecutive logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios with respective 95% confidence intervals for high dietary fat intake for multiple and specific forms of childhood maltreatment, as well as age at and number of childhood maltreatment substantiations. Finally, a gender–childhood maltreatment interaction term was used to predict the outcome. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, substantiated childhood maltreatment including physical abuse were associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. Similarly, substantiation of childhood maltreatment between the ages of 5 and 14 years was significantly associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors as were two or more substantiations of maltreatment. Inclusion of gender–childhood maltreatment interaction only had a minor impact on the size and direction of the association. Chronic and severe forms of childhood maltreatment including physical abuse are associated with a higher rate of dietary fat intake in young adulthood. Further research to replicate this association might focus on possible neuro-hormonal mechanisms that might explain this behavior.  相似文献   

儿童少年钙营养状况研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张培珍  矫玮  夏强 《北京体育大学学报》2003,26(3):340-342

研究补钙对儿童少年钙营养状况的改善作用及运动对补钙的影响,具有十分重要的实践意义。综述了儿童少年钙的需要量、摄入量以及有关钙补充方面的研究进展,指出青春期前和青春期(尤其早期)可能是补钙和运动干预改善儿童少年钙营养状况的最佳时间。  相似文献   

补充胆红素对运动大鼠淋巴细胞、肝细胞凋亡的影响趋势研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐美琴  吴纪饶  徐增智 《天津体育学院学报》2006,21(4):342-345

目的：观察补充胆红素对运动造成的细胞凋亡的影响，为运动营养补剂的研发，减少运动性损伤提供一定的实验依据。方法：以40只健康雄性SD大鼠为研究对象，随机分成5组，通过流式细胞仪检测技术检测强抗氧化剂对淋巴细胞和肝细胞凋亡的影响，同时观察与分析外周血浆和肝组织SOD的活性与MDA的含量。结果表明：力竭运动和大强度运动训练能诱导大鼠淋巴细胞和肝细胞凋亡增加；补充胆红素使其凋亡率下降，其原因与补充胆红素能提高机体抗氧化应激有关。  相似文献   

补硒对运动大鼠骨骼肌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究     

黄颖峰  蒋钢强  郝选明 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(2):47-50

硒作为一种新型的抗氧化剂,在清除机体的氧自由基、抗氧化、延缓疲劳的出现和降低运动机体细胞凋亡率方面起一定的作用。探讨补硒的情况下实验大鼠肌肉细胞在运动过程中和运动后细胞凋亡的发生状况,找出安全有效的补硒量,将大鼠适应性喂养1周后,随机分为安静对照组、训练组和训练补硒组进行恒定负荷训练。结果发现,无论补硒还是不补硒运动组均有细胞核染色质浓缩及靠近核膜、核膜增厚等典型细胞凋亡的形态结构改变,运动训练可能导致骨骼肌细胞出现凋亡。补硒对阻止和延迟运动造成的细胞凋亡的发生有一定的作用,但由于其自身的副作用,可能会诱导一定数量的细胞凋亡。安全有效的补硒剂量应该往量小的方向寻找。  相似文献   

汽车进气系统开发探讨     

谢志清  张亮  李锐 《大众科技》2012,(7):183-184,169

介绍了汽车进气系统的功用及主要性能指标;结合进气系统开发实例探讨了进气系统容积的设定、管路形状及截面积的选择、内插管及谐振管等元件的应用等设计因素对进气系统性能所产生的影响。  相似文献   

Food intake and appetite following school-based high-intensity interval training in 9–11-year-old children     

Anna Morris  Robert Cramb 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(3):286-292

Using a randomised cross-over design, free-living lunch intake and subjective appetite were examined in 10 children (9.8 ± 0.6 years) following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus a control sedentary (SED) period, within a school setting. The 22-min HIIT took place during a regular PE lesson and consisted of two rounds of 4 × 30 s sprints. Foods were offered at a regular school lunch immediately following HIIT and SED and were matched between conditions. All food was covertly weighed before and after the meal. Hunger, fullness and prospective consumption were reported immediately before and after HIIT/SED, using visual analogue scales. Heart rate was higher during HIIT than SED (159.3 ± 23.1 vs. 76.9 ± 2.2 bpm, P < 0.05). Lunch energy intake was not different (P = 0.52) following HIIT, compared to SED (2.06 ± 0.35 vs. 2.09 ± 0.29 MJ, respectively). There were no significant differences in macronutrient intake or subjective appetite (P > 0.05). Results suggest that HIIT can be implemented in a PE lesson immediately before lunch, without causing a compensatory increase in food consumption.  相似文献