Observations on the temporal correlates of reading failure     

Raymond M. Klein 《Reading and writing》2002,15(1-2):207-231

The definitions of developmental dyslexia andtemporal processing are discussed and severalconstruals of what a temporal processingdeficit might entail are illustrated. Then,using a framework developed by Farmer & Klein(1995), the proposal that a temporal processingdeficit (in vision, audition, or both) might bethe root cause of some proportion of cases ofdevelopmental dyslexia is introduced andvarious research strategies for testing thisproposal are identified. The symposium paperswhich address this general question using arange of these strategies are then criticallyreviewed. It is noted that whereas reading isa recent artifact not yet subject to any directselection pressure, its normal performancerequires the use of, and connections between,the highly evolved modules for visual patternrecognition and language. Within vision andlanguage redundant coding, which permitsperformance in the face of injuries anddegraded input, also makes it difficult todetect subtle deficits (whether temporal, ornot) unless precise tests are used. Yet suchdeficits may degrade performance on tasks (suchas reading) which require the non-copiousconnections between vision and language. Theefficacy of this pathway, I suggest, ismeasured by performance on the rapidautomatized naming (RAN) test.  相似文献   

Phonological processing and emergent literacy in younger and older preschool children     

Anthony JL  Williams JM  McDonald R  Francis DJ 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(2):113-137

Phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological access to lexical storage play important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological processing abilities (PPA) in 389 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) with mean structure demonstrated that older preschoolers have better developed latent PPA than younger preschoolers but that the structure of PPA is equivalent. RAN was found uniquely associated with letter knowledge and text discrimination in younger preschoolers, and PA was found uniquely associated with word reading skills in older preschoolers. Finally, general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy via PPA. These results highlight the importance of PPA in the early literacy development of English-speaking preschool children.  相似文献   

Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz anwendungsspezifischer Piktogramme zur partizipativen Anforderungsanalyse     

Wilhelm Hasselbring 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1998,13(4):217-226

Zusammenfassung. Die Erfahrungen aus einem Projekt im Bereich Krankenhausinformationssysteme werden in diesem Papier diskutiert. Insbesondere konzentrieren wir uns dabei auf den Einsatz von Techniken zur partizipativen Anforderungsanalyse und die dabei für die Anwender erreichte Nachvollziehbarkeit von den ermittelten Anforderungen zum entwickelten System. Ein zentraler Aspekt ist hierbei der durchg?ngige Einsatz von anwendungsspezifischen Piktogrammen in der Modellierung der Anforderungen und in der Implementierung der graphischen Benutzungsschnittstellen, wobei auch das frühzeitige Prototyping zur überprüfung der ermittelten Anforderungen eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Eingegangen am 16. Januar 1998 / Angenommen am 6. Oktober 1998  相似文献   

快速成形技术及研究动向   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

牛永江  罗海玉 《天水师范学院学报》2004,24(2):23-25

快速成形技术是采用逐点或逐层成型方法制造物理模型、模具和零件的一种先进制造技术。快速成形技术从产生以来,出现了十几种不同的方法,其应用范围主要在设计检验、市场预测等方面。  相似文献   

基于FFT的伪随机码快速捕获设计与实现     

万灵 《科技广场》2010,(9)

本文介绍了基于FFT的伪随机码快速捕获的原理,并且对快速捕获模块的核心单元,即采样率转换单元和FFT/IFFT计算单元的FPGA实现进行了详细论述。仿真和实现结果表明,此方法能快速地捕获扩频信号中的伪随机码相位。  相似文献   

Cosmopolitical encounters: Prototyping at the National Zoo in Santiago,Chile     

Martín Tironi 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2018,11(4):330-347

This article presents an empirical reflection on how the prototyping of an environmental enrichment device for chimpanzees at the National Zoo of Chile precipitates a cosmopolitical encounter. Using material produced by design students, zookeepers and the chimps Judy and Gombe, we describe how prototyping iterations establish open processes of dialogue and encounters among humans and nonhumans. The case will demonstrate how prototyping can go further than the generation of models of an original. On the contrary, the cosmopolitical encounter emerging from the prototyping process makes evident a truly ontological vocation, acknowledging humans and other-than-human beings as singular entities. Its provisional and malleable nature turns this device into a privileged locus for the exploration of interspecies entanglement. Although zoos are scientifically organized institutions, in this case we observe how its anthropocentric hierarchy was performatively reshuffled at certain moments of the prototyping process. The cosmopolitical qualities of the prototyping process analyzed derive from its capacity to deploy an ethics of attention and care between the agencies at play, that is, for unfold gestures of mutual vulnerability. Finally, we propose prototyping as a device for moving from cosmopolitics as a way of understanding the world to cosmopolitics as a matter of design.  相似文献   

Evaluation and application of an efficient plant DNA extraction protocol for laboratory and field testing     

Qi WANG  Xiaoxia SHEN  Tian QIU  Wei WU  Lin LI  Zhi'an WANG  Huixia SHOU 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(2):99

Nucleic acids in plant tissue lysates can be captured quickly by a cellulose filter paper and prepared for amplification after a quick purification.In this study,a published filter paper strip method was modified by sticking the filter paper on a polyvinyl chloride resin(PVC)sheet.This modified method is named EZ-D,for EASY DNA extraction.Compared with the original cetyl trimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)method,DNA extracted by EZ-D is more efficient in polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification due to the more stable performance of the EZ-D stick.The EZ-D method is also faster,easier,and cheaper.PCR analyses showed that DNA extracted from several types of plant tissues by EZ-D was appropriate for specific identification of biological samples.A regular PCR reaction can detect the EZ-D-extracted DNA template at concentration as low as 0.1 ng/μL.Evaluation of the EZ-D showed that DNA extracts could be successfully amplified by PCR reaction for DNA fragments up to 3000 bp in length and up to 80%in GC content.EZ-D was successfully used for DNA extraction from a variety of plant species and plant tissues.Moreover,when EZ-D was combined with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)method,DNA identification of biological samples could be achieved without the need for specialized equipment.As an optimized DNA purification method,EZ-D shows great advantages in application and can be used widely in laboratories where equipment is limited and rapid results are required.  相似文献   

不同静脉麻醉药对罗库溴胺快速诱导气管插管的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏登云  赵永泉 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2007,24(3):25-28

目的:观察硫贲妥钠、依托咪酯以及异丙酚麻醉诱导对罗库溴铵的插管条件和神经肌肉阻滞程度的影响。方法:选择39例全麻择期手术患者,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为三组,分别采用硫贲妥钠5.0mg.kg-1、依托咪酯0.3mg.kg-1及异丙酚1.5~2.0mg.kg-1静脉诱导,静注罗库溴铵60s后行气管插管。记录气管插管即刻的T1和T4/T1值、插管时间,记录血流动力学参数变化、脉搏血氧饱和度,根据气管插管评分标准进行插管评分。结果:各组病人气管插管即刻的T1和T4/T1及插管时间组间比较无明显差异(P>0.05),三组病人在静注罗库溴铵后60s气管插管条件综合评分均为优良(P>0.05),但是依托咪酯比硫贲妥钠和异丙酚气管插管反应略少。结论:依托咪酯伍用罗库溴铵在静注后60s行快速诱导插管略优于硫贲妥钠和异丙酚。如果患者禁忌使用琥珀胆碱可以改用依托咪酯与罗库溴铵来完成快速诱导和气管插管。  相似文献   

The relationship of rapid serial naming and word reading in normally developing readers: An exploratory model     

Cutting  Laurie E.  Denckla  Martha Bridge 《Reading and writing》2001,14(7-8):673-705

Even though researchers have established that rapid serial naming (RSN), or the ability to name within a restricted category of visual stimuli quickly, is a significant predictor of word reading, the predictive nature of RSN is not well understood. To investigate the relationship of RSN and other variables thought to contribute to beginning word reading (phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, memory span, processing speed, and articulation), a preliminary/exploratory model of word reading was developed and then tested by path analysis. Results indicated that no variable in the model could fully `explain' RSN; processing speed, but not articulation, contributed to RSN performance. RSN and orthographic knowledge were significantly related, but this relationship was due to the effects of processing speed. In terms of their unique contributions to the variance in word reading, RSN, phonological awareness, and orthographic knowledge were independent of each other. While these results pertain only to normal readers and are preliminary in nature, they may provide a basis for a clear interpretation of similar studies conducted with both normal and dyslexic readers.  相似文献   

建立高等教育自学考试快速反应机制刍议     

张华 《中国考试》2009,(6)

高等教育自学考试是一种开放、灵活、投资少、效益高的教育制度。在当今市场经济快速发展、教育多元化的形势下,高等教育自学考试应建立快速反应机制,明确高等教育自学考试建立快速反应机制的主要内容和途径,以更好的发挥高等教育自学考试的优势,主动适应我国社会主义市场经济的发展需要。  相似文献