论合同法定形式的效力     

李明媚  覃保珍 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2005,22(4):122-124

合同形式即合同意思表示的载体，合同法适应市场经济便捷和安全的需要，在合同形式方面做出了许多新规定，但由于对法定形式的性质和法律效力缺乏明确具体的规定，引起民法理论界诸多不同理解，如有效要件说，执行证据说，成立要件说等等。本文从对两大法系合同法定形式的效力的对比分析中，说明我国立法的缺陷，并提出相应完善的建议。  相似文献   

Validating a computerized scoring system for assessing writing and placing students in composition courses     

Cindy L. James   《Assessing Writing》2006,11(3):167-178

How do scores from writing samples generated by computerized essay scorers compare to those generated by “untrained” human scorers and what combination of scores, if any, is more accurate at placing students in composition courses? This study endeavored to answer this two-part question by evaluating the correspondence between writing sample scores generated by the IntelliMetric™ automated scoring system and scores generated by University Preparation English faculty, as well as examining the predictive validity of both the automated and human scores. The results revealed significant correlations between the faculty scores and the IntelliMetric™ scores of the ACCUPLACER™ OnLine WritePlacer Plus test. Moreover, logistic regression models that utilized the IntelliMetric™ scores and average faculty scores were more accurate at placing students (77% overall correct placement rate) than were models incorporating only the average faculty score or the IntelliMetric™ scores.  相似文献   

体育院系试卷的效度分析     

隗金水  罗兴华 《广州体育学院学报》1999,(4)

通过调查访问法和文献资料法 ,以测量评价理论为指导 ,结合多年的教学实践经验 ,对测验效度问题进行分析 ,试图为体育院系教师规范化撰写试卷分析提供参考。结果表明 :内容效度是一般试卷分析中最常用的方法 ;测验结构表的建立是效度分析中不可省略的一环 ;信度、难度、测验长度和样本含量等都直接影响效度 ;考试分数的分布与效度没有必然的联系  相似文献   

The Potential of Conjoint Analysis for Communication Research     

Elena Pelzer 《Communication Research Reports》2019,36(2):136-147

Surveys on choices oftentimes rely on Likert-type scales. However, they prevent researchers from identifying the relative importance of different stimulus features for the choice decision. Here, it is shown that conjoint analysis offers a variety of advantages emerging from its use of questions that force the subject to trade off conflicting attribute levels. This study discusses some problems of Likert-type scale measures and shows when conjoint analysis may solve some of these problems. Differences between measurements are illustrated in a uses and gratifications study, assessing convergent validity on Likert-type scale measures with traditional conjoint analysis and choice-based conjoint analysis. Results show that subjects prefer “cognitive needs” by Likert-type scale measures against “tension release needs” by both conjoint analyses. The different outcome is independent from linguistic variation and from dual-process models of information processing. Implications for communication research are discussed.  相似文献   

情报研究有效性评价的影响因素及对策分析     

钟丽萍 《情报杂志》2014,(11)

原创性定义情报研究有效性评价的概念。将情报研究有效性评价的影响因素分为主体因素、过程因素和制度因素等。为避免影响因素引起的评价偏倚提出相应对策,包括：专家团队的合理布局、评审程序的合理设计以及建立客观、系统、可量化的评价标准等。对评价标准的客观性、系统性、可量化性等属性进行深入描述。  相似文献   

试论自救行为的刑事立法     

赤沙莫日 《毕节学院学报》2011,29(3):121-124

我国刑法理论界普遍承认自救行为具有正当性,但对自救行为的正当性依据问题颇有争议。笔者认为"社会相当性说"结合了其他学说的优点,主张对自救行为的各个特征如目的、手段、法益侵害等综合判断,具有合理性,可以作为自救行为的正当性依据。尽管如此,由于我国刑法没有明确规定自救行为是排除犯罪的正当行为,司法机关也质疑自救行为的合法性。因此,这就要求尽快对自救行为立法,赋予自救行为合法地位。  相似文献   

Mapping the importance of the real world: The validity of connectivity analysis of patent citations networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David Barberá-Tomás  Fernando Jiménez-SáezItziar Castelló-Molina 《Research Policy》2011,40(3):473-486

Recent empirical findings have questioned the use of patent citations as a measure. This points to the need of validation of patent citations methodologies, which we address by testing a recent methodology for studying technological evolution, namely connectivity analysis of citation networks. We find connectivity analysis to be a valid tool to identify the reliable knowledge which opens the way to further technological evolution of a surgical prosthesis, the artificial spinal disc. We also illustrate how connectivity analysis represents how this reliable knowledge differs depending on the stage of technological evolution. The corroborated validity of connectivity analysis of patent citations may trigger a renaissance in the use of this kind of patent data.  相似文献   

教育认知诊断测验的信度和效度研究评述     

汪文义  ;宋丽红  ;丁树良 《考试研究》2014,(5):29-36

信度和效度是衡量一个测量工具质量的关键指标,教育认知诊断测验中的信度和效度研究近年来受到研究者的关注。诊断测验的信度系数基本上源自基于α系数的属性信度系数、经验属性信度系数、四分相关系数、模拟重测一致性和分类一致性指标;效度系数主要包括模拟判准率、分类准确性和理论构想效度等。教育认知诊断测验的信度和效度研究较新,仍存在着一定的不足且缺乏全面的比较研究,更缺少系统的评价体系。  相似文献   

Validity and reliability testing of the Chinese (mainland) version of the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)     

Wei Luo  Xiao-hong Gui  Bo Wang  Wen-ying Zhang  Zhi-yuan Ouyang  Yi Guo  Bao-rong Zhang  Mei-ping Ding 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(7):531-538

The 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) has been tested in many languages, but not in Chinese mainland. We aimed to assess the Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39. Seventy-one subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) completed the PDQ-39 and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). All subjects were retested with the PDQ-39 a week later. The united Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (H &; Y) scale were also used to evaluate the subjects. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s α and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was examined in terms of agreement with SF-36, UPDRS, and H &; Y scales. The Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39 demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α: 0.84–0.88; ICC: 0.56–0.82). The item-total correlations (0.33–0.88) and scaling success rates (77.56%) indicated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity of the PDQ-39 items. The correlations between related constructs of the PDQ-39 and UPDRS (r=0.44–0.68) and between those of the PDQ-39 and SF-36 (r=(−0.46)-(−0.69)) were all statistically significant (P<0.01). Except for stigma, cognitions, and bodily discomfort, all other dimensions of the PDQ-39 significantly discriminated patients at different H &; Y stages indicated by the H &; Y scale. Although our observations indicate that some problematic subscales of this version of the PDQ-39 could be improved upon, this study suggests acceptable reliability and validity of the Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39.  相似文献   

Who is the expert? Construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings of instruction   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Mareike Kunter  Jürgen Baumert 《Learning Environments Research》2006,9(3):231-251

In this article, we examine the construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings as indicators of instructional features. As parsimonious measures, student and teacher reports are frequently used to assess aspects of the learning environment. From a methodological perspective, however, both approaches have been questioned. Whereas student ratings are occasionally criticised as being undifferentiated and easily influenced by personal preferences, teacher reports are sometimes considered to be biased by self-serving strategies or teaching ideals. Instead of pitting one method against the other, our study aimed at establishing the specific value of each approach. The analyses draw on data from a German extension to the 2003 PISA assessment, in which 288 mathematics teachers and their students completed questionnaires using identical items to tap various aspects of instruction. Mean student ratings were computed for each class. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed specific conceptual structures for student and teacher ratings, with teachers elaborating on the use of tasks and methods, and students focusing on their teacher’s support in personal and learning matters. Three shared dimensions were also established: occurrence of classroom management problems, degree of cognitive autonomy during lessons, and tempo of interaction. Teacher/student agreement on these dimensions varied across constructs, with considerable agreement on classroom management, low agreement on cognitive autonomy, and no significant agreement on whether or not the interaction tempo was appropriate. Accordingly, correlations with external criteria (student motivation, teacher motivation, mathematical achievement scores, and characteristics of the tasks set in class) also varied across constructs. We conclude that student and teacher ratings are best suited to tapping different aspects of the learning environment, and recommend that care be taken in choosing a data source appropriate for the construct to be measured.

Jürgen BaumertEmail:

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