维果茨基社会文化发展理论及其对幼儿园社会教育的启示     

邹晓燕  陈巍 《学前教育研究》2007,(6):27-30

根据维果茨基的社会文化发展理论,在幼儿社会性教育中,要扩大儿童社会交往的范围,特别是要充分利用幼儿同伴交往的作用;同时要对儿童的社会交往给予一定的关注和指导,使儿童最初的这些社会交往活动更有利于儿童的社会性发展。这既是幼儿园社会教育的重要任务,也是促进儿童社会性发展的重要途径。  相似文献   

The cooking teacher: investigating gender stereotypes in a Korean kindergarten     

Liz Brooker Corresponding author  Sang‐Jin Ha 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2005,25(1):17-30

This article discusses some findings from a small‐scale investigation of children's gendered beliefs and behaviours in a Korean kindergarten which was attempting to challenge gender stereotyping through the anti‐bias intervention of a ‘cooking curriculum’. A sample of 14 children, some with ‘working’ mothers and some with ‘housewife’ mothers, was observed for two months, and informally interviewed on several occasions. The children's mothers were also interviewed. The findings are situated in the context of the changing, but still traditional, culture of Korean society, as well as in the contexts of early childhood education and theories of gender acquisition. They confirm that, although children are highly likely to reproduce the beliefs current in their home environment, they are open to reconstructing these views when actively challenged to consider alternatives, either by the school curriculum or by engaging in debate with a researcher or practitioner. The nature of the ‘alternative’ views available may however be problematic.  相似文献   

Cognitive brain potentials in kindergarten children with subtyped risks of reading retardation     

Bakker DJ  Van Strien JW  Licht R  Smit-Glaudé SW 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(1):99-111

Cognition-related brain responses to meaningful and meaningless figures were registered in 5-year-old kindergarten children who either had been subtyped as being at-risk of developing an L- or P-type dyslexia (LAL versus LAP) or who were not at-risk. While identifying, naming, or categorizing pictures, event-related potentials (ERP) were registered. Three cognition-related components were found: the N460, the P780, and the Slow Wave (SW). LAP-children produced weak N460 activity across tasks, whereas LAL children, and to a lesser degree, non-risk children produced robust task-dependent activity. This finding may indicate that LAP-children lack semantic input while processing the figures. P780 latencies to frequently occurring figures were found hemisphere-dependent: LAP-children showed longer latencies in the right than in the left hemisphere, whereas the distribution was reversed in the LAL and non-risk children. It was also found that the right hemisphere is generally responsible for a lion's share of the processing of figures and therefore it seems that the right hemisphere of LAP-children invests ample time in doing so. Whereas LAP-children showed largest SW amplitude differences between frequent and infrequent stimuli at posterior locations, LAL children did so at frontal locations. Assuming that the SW represents working-memory processes, it may be that working-memory in LAP-children deals with figure-relevant visual-spatial information and with figure-derived concepts in LAL children. Overall, the findings suggest that LAL and LAP represent two different groups of kindergartners at risk of dyslexia and that these differences, to some degree, fit with the presumed etiology of L- and P-type dyslexia.  相似文献   

当前幼儿园园本教研存在的问题及对策     

马富成  马雪琴 《河西学院学报》2011,27(6):82-85

随着我国幼儿园课程改革的深入和对教师专业发展水平要求的不断提高,园本教研被认为是当前幼儿园提高保教质量、促进教师专业发展的有效途径。但是当前幼儿园开展园本教研的过程中存在诸多问题,如园本教研与促进全体教师专业发展、提高园所保教活动质量相脱节;园本教研活动没有针对全体教师及教师的个性化需求;教师开展园本教研的评价机制不完善;园本教研制度亟需完善和落实等。真正有效的园本教研应该以促进全体教师专业发展及保教活动质量的提高为目的,应构建分层研修的园本教研共同体,完善开展园本教研的评价机制,提高领导和教师对园本教研重要性的认识,完善和落实园本教研制度。  相似文献   

Home learning environment and development of child competencies from kindergarten until the end of elementary school     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

Literacy and mathematical competencies are essential for a successful school career and precursors of these abilities develop in kindergarten. In addition to children’s early cognitive abilities, family characteristics such as the socioeconomic status and the home learning environment (HLE) are predictors of early child competencies. However, few studies outside the US and the UK have analyzed long-term effects of the early HLE on child development, simultaneously considering various explanatory factors. In this longitudinal study, data of 920 German children were obtained in kindergarten some 18 months before school entry (child mean age: 4;10). At this point, precursors of reading, spelling and mathematics were assessed. In addition, parents were asked to complete surveys on family characteristics. Child assessments were repeated with standardized measures of mathematical and literacy abilities at the end of Grade 1 and in the middle of Grade 4 (child mean age: 9;9), the final grade in German elementary schools. In Grade 4, teachers were also asked to provide their recommendation for children’s secondary school track (“Hauptschule” for lowest secondary school track, “Realschule”, or “Gymnasium” as highest secondary school track). HLE was not only a good predictor of early abilities, but also directly predicted competencies at the end of elementary school when precursors, former academic achievement and child and family characteristics were controlled for. In addition, children living in more favorable HLEs were more likely to be recommended for higher secondary school tracks by their teachers.  相似文献   

Contexts of reading instruction: Implications for literacy skills and kindergarteners’ behavioral engagement     

Claire Cameron Ponitz  Sara E. Rimm-Kaufman 《Early childhood research quarterly》2011,26(2):157

This observational study examined kindergarteners’ (n = 170) exposure to literacy instruction in their classrooms (n = 36), child-by-instruction interactions, and behavioral engagement in relation to literacy skills. Time spent in four instructional contexts was coded according to who managed children's attention (teacher-managed, TM or child-managed, CM), and the content focus (basic skills such as teaching letters and their sounds, or meaning-focused such as discussing a book); children's behavioral engagement and off-task behavior were also coded live five times over the year. Word-reading and phonological awareness skills were assessed in fall and spring. Hierarchical Linear Modeling results indicated that kindergarteners with lower initial skills gained more in word-reading, but not phonological awareness, when they were exposed to relatively more time in TM basic skills instruction. In contrast, more time in CM meaning-focused instruction did not interact with initial skills to predict either outcome. Engagement analyses indicated that students were more likely to be off-task in CM than in TM contexts. Children who spent more time off-task during TM contexts had lower spring scores on both outcomes. Discussion explores the implications of this work for both literacy learning and behavioral engagement in the transition year of kindergarten.  相似文献   

Transition to formal schooling: Do transition practices matter for academic performance?     

Annarilla Ahtola  Gintautas SilinskasPirjo-Liisa Poikonen  Marita KontoniemiPekka Niemi  Jari-Erik Nurmi 《Early childhood research quarterly》2011,26(3):295

This study examined whether the transition practices implemented in preschool-elementary school pairs contribute to children's academic development during the first year of elementary school. Participants were 398 children who moved from 36 preschools to 22 elementary schools in two Finnish towns. Children were tested in respect to their reading, writing, and math skills in the preschool spring and in the grade 1 spring. The most common practices reported by preschool teachers were discussions about the school entrants and familiarizing preschool children with the school environment and the new teacher. Multilevel latent growth modeling showed that the more the preschool teachers and elementary-school teachers implemented various supportive activities during the preschool year, the faster the children's skills developed from preschool to grade 1 spring. Co-operation over curricula and passing on written information about children between the preschool and the elementary school were the best predictors of the children's skills, although they were the least commonly used practices. The need to restructure the transition to elementary school and the use of multiprofessional resources are discussed.  相似文献   

北京市幼儿教师参加专业发展活动的现状、需求、动因及影响因素分析     

赖德信 《科教文汇》2011,(8):12-16

对北京市公办幼儿园4306名教师调查发现．继教学分培训、教研活动、大专学历是教师参加专业发展活动最主要的三种形式。教师对硕士学位等高层次学习需求强烈．因此提高教育教学水平是参加专业发展活动的最高动因．影响专业发展活动效果的主要因素是没有后续指导、内容不连续、内容不符合实际需求、个人工作负担重。  相似文献   

探析园本课程背景下的课程领导     

靳岑 《襄樊学院学报》2014,(6):85-88

园本课程是当今幼儿园课程改革的热点之一。理想中的园本课程领导主体需由园长和教师构成,园长应是专业权威与良性制度的构建者,教师应扮演多重角色,首先他们既是实践者又是研究者,其次他们既是课程决策者又是课程实施者。现实中的园本课程领导主体缺乏专业信念、专业知识及专业能力。应该定制园所长期发展计划,开展多主体、多样化培训,构建合作性园所文化,以提高课程领导质量。  相似文献   

幼儿教师组织承诺研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋淑青  秦金亮 《教育理论与实践》2006,(12)

幼儿教师组织承诺的心理结构,有自己的特点。幼儿教师组织承诺可分为五种类型:情感承诺、经济承诺、理想信念承诺、职业承诺和人际承诺,不同组织承诺类型的幼儿教师行为表现各不相同,影响幼儿教师组织承诺的因素有个人因素和组织因素。  相似文献