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Obesity is a complex disease with multiple contributing factors.One of the most intensely studied factors during the past decade has been the gut microbiota,which is the community of all microbes in the intestinal tract.The gut microbiota,via energy extraction,inflammation,and other actions,is now recognized as an important player in the pathogenesis of obesity.Dysbiosis,or an imbalance in the microbial community,can initiate a cascade of metabolic disturbances in the host.Early life is a particularly important period for the development of the gut microbiota,and perturbations such as with antibiotic exposure can have long-lasting consequences for host health.In early life and throughout the life span,diet is one of the most important factors that shape the gut microbiota.Although diets high in fat and sugar have been shown to contribute to dysbiosis and disease,dietary fiber is recognized as an important fermentative fuel for the gut microbiota and results in the production of short-chain fatty acids that can act as signaling molecules in the host.One particular type of fiber,prebiotic fiber,contributes to changes in the gut microbiota,the most notable of which is an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium.This review highlights our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in obesity development and the ways in which manipulating the microbiota through dietary means,specifically prebiotics,could contribute to improved health in the host,including musculo skeletal health. 相似文献
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本试验研究了优生素对雏鸡的生长性能及其淋巴器官发育的影响。试验选用200只一日龄草杂雏鸡,随机分为两组,即对照组和试验组,100只/组。优生素按照500g/t添加到基础日粮中。试验结束时,每组采集20只鸡的胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏等样品置于Bouin固定液中固定,常规方法制作组织切片,H.E染色,奥林巴斯显微镜观察拍照。结果表明,试验组鸡的日增重较对照组高,差异显著(p<0.05);采食量试验组鸡较对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);料肉比试验组鸡比对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多;腔上囊皱襞发达,退化延缓;脾动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结体积大。试验结果显示优生素可提高雏鸡日增重和饲料转化率,促进胸腺和腔上囊的早期发育,延缓腔上囊的退化,增强脾的免疫应答反映。 相似文献
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试验分成两个阶段,分别采用32日龄和80日龄的大约克夏猪,设对照组和优生素组,优生素设2个重复,观察记录每组猪的初始重、末重、采食量、腹泻和气喘次数,最后算出日增重、饲料报酬、气喘率和腹泻率.结果表明添加优生素能明显提高猪的生产性能.第Ⅰ阶段两个优生素组的结束平均体重分别比对照组高12.3%和7.7%(P＜0.01),日增重分别比对照组高出12.6%和19.4%(P＜0.01),第Ⅱ阶段两个优生素组平均结束体重分别比对照组提高9.87%和11.20%(P＜0.01),日增重分别提高了11.11%和14.29%(P＜0.05);饲料报酬分别提高了10.27%和14.07%(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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BackgroundMilk whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry has a negative environmental impact, can be used as a raw material for added-value compounds such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) synthesis by β-galactosidases.ResultsB-gal42 from Pantoea anthophila strain isolated from tejuino belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family GH42, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and used for GOS synthesis from lactose or milk whey. Crude cell-free enzyme extracts exhibited high stability; they were employed for GOS synthesis reactions. In reactions with 400 g/L lactose, the maximum GOS yield was 40% (w/w) measured by HPAEC-PAD, corresponding to 86% of conversion. This enzyme had a strong predilection to form GOS with β(1 → 6) and β(1 → 3) galactosyl linkages. Comparing GOS synthesis between milk whey and pure lactose, both of them at 300 g/L, these two substrates gave rise to a yield of 38% (60% of lactose conversion) with the same product profile determined by HPAEC-PAD.ConclusionsB-gal42 can be used on whey (a cheap lactose source) to produce added value products such as galactooligosaccharides.How to cite: Yañez-Ñeco CV, Cervantes FV, Amaya-Delgado L, et al. Synthesis of β(1→3) and β(1→6) galactooligosaccharides from lactose and whey using a recombinant β-galactosidase from Pantoea anthophila. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.004 相似文献
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本试验研究了优生素对雏鸡淋巴器官发育的影响.试验选用100只1日龄草杂雏鸡,随机分为两组,即对照组和试验组,50只/组.基础日粮相同,优生素按照500g/t添加到基础日粮中.试验结束时,每组取10只鸡解剖采取胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏等样品置于Bouin固定液中,制作组织切片,HE染色,奥林巴斯显微镜观察拍照.结果表明,试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多;腔上囊皱襞发达,退化延缓;脾动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结体积大.结论,优生素可促进胸腺和腔上囊的早期发育,延缓腔上囊的退化,增强脾的免疫应答反应. 相似文献
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