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目的：探讨身体活动对药物成瘾戒断者抑制能力及静息态脑功能的改善，拟为药物成瘾提供有效的辅助治疗手段。方法：将药物成瘾戒断者按身体活动量分为活动组和久坐组，首先进行Go/NoGo抑制能力测试，然后采集他们的静息态功能磁共振数据。选取静息态的两项重要分析方法——低频振幅（amplitude of low frequency fluctuations，ALFF）和局部一致性（regional homogeneity，ReHo）来探讨身体活动对药物成瘾戒断者脑功能损伤的改善。结果：①Go/NoGo测试：活动组NoGo正确率显著高于久坐组。②ALFF分析：活动组在双侧脑岛、左侧额下回眶部、双侧额内侧回、左侧前扣带回、右侧背外侧前额叶、左侧枕上回、左侧辅助运动区、双侧内侧扣带回ALFF显著高于久坐组。③ReHo分析：活动组在左侧枕中回、双侧背外侧前额叶、左侧辅助运动区ReHo显著高于久坐组。这些显著差异脑区主要与成瘾的抑制能力有关。结论：①身体活动能有效地提高药物成瘾戒断者的抑制能力。②身体活动是修复药物成瘾戒断者大脑功能损伤的关键因素之一。身体活动可通过增加药物成瘾戒断者静息状态下脑功能的低频振幅和局部一致性，改善药物成瘾戒断者大脑功能损伤。 相似文献
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Developmental dyslexia is associated with functional abnormalities within reading areas of the brain. For some children diagnosed
with dyslexia, phonologically based remediation programs appear to rehabilitate brain function in key reading areas (Shaywitz
et al., Biological Psychiatry 55: 101–110, 2004; Simos et al., Neuroscience 58: 1203–1213, 2002). However, a non-trivial number of children diagnosed with dyslexia fail to respond to these interventions (Torgesen, Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 15: 55–64, 2000). A cross-sectional fMRI study investigating post-treatment effects was conducted in an effort to better understand differences
in brain function between treatment responders and non-responders. Educational testing and brain activation measured after
treatment suggested that the reading intervention used in the present study rehabilitated several basic level reading processes
in all participants diagnosed with dyslexia. However, activation in the left inferior parietal lobe differentiated treatment
responders and non-responders in comparison to non-impaired readers. Children with persistent deficits in single word decoding
(treatment non-responders) demonstrated significantly less activation in the left inferior parietal lobe when compared to
non-impaired readers. 相似文献
3.
自我是社会认知神经科学研究的核心问题,而且自我认知加工的系统独立观的呼声日益高涨,但现有行为实验与fMRI研究成果还不足以作出自我认知加工独立观的结论.只有继续探索自我社会认知的神经科学研究模式,并回答自我认知功能是否具有整体性、惟一性及独立性等基本问题,才有可能解井自我认知加工的大脑之谜. 相似文献
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施珊珊 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2012,32(11):98-99
本文从行为学和神经认知科学等角度归纳了国内外关于语言认知性别差异的研究。结果表明,无论国外还是国内对语言认知是否存在性别差异这一课题都未得出一致结论。在分析归纳的基础上,本文为国内未来该课题的研究指明了新的方向。 相似文献
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Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):196-204
The field of Communication Studies and the field of Social Neuroscience have a common goal of studying and understanding human social behavior. This article invites those in the Communication field to learn about the neuroimaging practices that are common in the Social Neuroscience field. The article relays the basics of neuroimaging, especially functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Using a recent article on violent media perception as an example, we will go over the details of how neuroimaging studies are designed, analyzed and interpreted, with attention paid to common pitfalls and current trends in the field. In addition, for one interested in the potential for neuroimaging, suggestions on how to initiate such research pursuits are detailed. 相似文献
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句法加工是语言理解中的重要环节,句法加工的脑机制问题是心理语言学和认知神经科学的重要研究内容。功能性磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging,简称fMRI）的出现为研究语言加工提供了一种新的信息资源,它能对句子中不同位置发生的大量语义分析操作进行检测,为研究语言的脑机制提供证据。详细阐述了如何运用fMRI来研究各种句法加工,并对当前的句法加工研究及fMRI技术进行了评价。 相似文献
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聋人和普通人在唇读的过程中大脑的很多区域都会得到激活。本文主要回顾和分析了国外运用功能性核磁共振（fMRI）技术对唇读大脑机制所做的相关研究,结果发现,唇读激活了大脑的视觉中枢、运动中枢、听觉中枢和语言中枢。大脑两半球在唇读中所起的作用也不一样,主要取决于不同唇读任务的需要。 相似文献
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Golf, as with most complex motor skills, requires multiple different brain functions, including attention, motor planning, coordination, calculation of timing, and emotional control. In this study we assessed the correlation between swing components and brain connectivity from the cerebellum to the cerebrum. Ten female golf players and 10 age-matched female controls were recruited. In order to determine swing consistency among participants, the standard deviation (SD) of the mean swing speed time and the SD of the mean swing angle were assessed over 30 swings. Functional brain connectivity was assessed by resting state functional MRI. Pro-golfers showed greater positive left cerebellum connectivity to the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and both frontal lobes compared to controls. The SD of play scores was positively correlated with the SD of the impact angle. Constant swing speed and back swing angle in professional golfers were associated with functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellum and parietal and frontal lobes. In addition, the constant impact angle in professional golfers was associated with improved golf scores and additional FC of the thalamus. 相似文献
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刻板印象威胁发生机制的认知神经科学研究发现,女性数学刻板印象抑制了受威胁个体下前额皮质、左下顶叶皮质、两侧角回等数学学习时所用脑区的激活,激活了与情绪加工有关的脑区扣带前回腹侧;刻板印象威胁使受威胁个体终止对其学业表现的监控,进而从学业表现中脱离出来;刻板印象威胁导致受威胁个体对自我控制进行不恰当地调节,从而把其影响外溢到与当前刻板印象无关的任务中.未来研究应加强刻板印象威胁影响社会任务机制的认知神经科学研究,进一步整合刻板印象威胁发生机制的行为研究与认知神经研究各自获得的成果. 相似文献