The trend of concentration in scientific research and technological innovation: A reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world research & technology |
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| Authors: | Mu-Hsuan Huang Han-Wen Chang Dar-Zen Chen |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC;1. Laboratory for Studies in Research Evaluation, Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science (IASI-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Engineering and Management, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;3. Laboratory for Studies in Research Evaluation, Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science (IASI-CNR), Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;1. Department of Information Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Electrical Engineering Department & Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, United States;4. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Thessaly, Greece;5. Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;1. School of Management & Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China;2. School of Computer Science & Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, China;1. H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Drive, NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;2. Center for R&D Monitoring (ECOOM) and Department of Managerial Economics, Strategy and Innovation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;3. German Center for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, DZHW Berlin, Schuetzenstrasse 6a, 10117 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the trend of global concentration in scientific research and technological innovation around the world. It accepts papers and patents as appropriate data for revealing the development and status of science and technology respectively. The performance of these outputs in production and citation impact is taken into consideration in the analysis. The findings suggest that both papers and patents are geographically concentrated on a small number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France. China has made great progress in paper production and citation impact, and Taiwan and Korea have experienced a rapid growth in patents over the past years. The degree of concentration dramatically decreases when the data from the United States are excluded, indicating the effects of the U.S.’s participation on the concentration. Patents show a higher degree of concentration than papers. With time-varying aspects taken into consideration, the study indicates that the degree of concentration of papers and patents has gradually decreased over time. The concentration of patents has declined more slowly than that of papers. This decrease of the concentration is mainly due to the reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world R&D output. |
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