| 全面二孩背景下二孩母亲体育活动的动机和限制性因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 闫静,王焕,熊欢.全面二孩背景下二孩母亲体育活动的动机和限制性因素分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2019,42(1):111-119. |
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| 作者姓名： | 闫静 王焕 熊欢 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林体育学院，吉林 长春 130022；清华大学体育部，北京 100084,吉林体育学院，吉林 长春 130022,华南师范大学体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金项目（17BTY048）；中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目（2016T90077）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 摘要：采用定量研究与质性研究相结合的平行混合方法，目的在于探索在我国全面二孩背景下，有二孩幼童的母亲参加体育活动的动机和所面临的限制性因素。共有106位符合条件的二孩母亲参加了量化统计部分的调查，从中随机抽取了33位完成了质性研究的部分。定量数据结果显示：1）在所有的受访者中，有近60%的人身体质量指数处于正常水平，提及最多的体育活动方式是步行（走路、散步）（68%），其次是瑜伽、健身操等有氧运动（19%），根据自身描述的体育活动程度和其自身BMI值之间没有明显关联；2）从KPAS量表统计的数据分析中可以看到最主要的影响因素是时间限制、母职需求、精力和体力不够、运动动机和兴趣不足、缺乏运动技能。定性数据结果显示：1）二孩母亲参加体育活动的动机包括促进健康、保持精神状态、减肥塑身；2）限制性因素包括缺乏时间、体育与精力，缺乏运动技巧与健身习惯、缺乏家庭成员支持、在意自身形象；3）克服限制性因素采取的办法有利用碎片时间、寻求支持、充分意识到体育活动的重要性；4）一孩母亲和二孩母亲在参加体育活动方面的动机和所受到的限制性因素大致相同，但是在程度上有所区别，选择的运动方式和方法也有所不同。结论认为：1）大部分二孩母亲的日常体育活动水平偏低，很难达到促进身心健康的目的；2）不同社会经济地位的二孩母亲的体育活动参与动机强度和所获得的支持程度存在明显差异；3）隐形社会环境因素影响了二孩母亲体育活动参与水平；4）生育二孩前后参加体育活动动机和限制性因素存在多重差异。
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| 关 键 词： | 关键词：二孩母亲 体育活动参与 自我社会经济地位认知 动机 限制性因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/3/26 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/11/4 0:00:00 |
Motivation and Restrictive Factors of Mothers with Two Young Children Participating Physical Exercise Under the Background of Universal Two-Child Policy in China |
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| YAN Jing,WANG Huan and XIONG Huan.Motivation and Restrictive Factors of Mothers with Two Young Children Participating Physical Exercise Under the Background of Universal Two-Child Policy in China[J].Journal of Beijing Sport University,2019,42(1):111-119. |
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| Authors: | YAN Jing WANG Huan and XIONG Huan |
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| Institution: | Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin China; Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin China and School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the motivation and restrictive factors for mothers with two children to participate in sports activities under the background of universal two-child policy in China. A parallel hybrid method combining quantitative research with qualitative research was used in this study. Totally 106 mothers with two children were recruited in this study and finished the quantitative survey, and 33 of them also finished the qualitative research. The results of quantitative research showed that: 1) Nearly 60% of mothers had a normal body mass index (BMI); walking (68%) was the most frequently mentioned form of physical activity, followed by yoga and gymnastics (19%); there was no significant correlation between the volume of physical activity described by themselves and their BMI values. 2) Restrictive factors include lack of time, sports and energy, lack of sports skills and fitness habits, lack of support from family members, and care about their own image. 3) The ways to overcome the restrictive factors are to make use of fragmentary time, seek support and fully realize the importance of sports activities. 4) Mothers with one child and mothers with two children have the same motivation and restrictive factors in participating in sports activities, but they choose different types of physical activity. Conclusions: 1) Most of the mothers with two children have low level of daily physical activity, which is difficult to achieve the purpose of promoting physical and mental health. 2) Mothers with two children and with different socioeconomic status have significant differences in motivation intensity and degree of support for participating in physical activities. 3) The implicit social environment factors affected the participation level of mothers with two children in physical activities. 4) There are multiple differences in motivation and restrictive factors of physical activities before and after born the second children. |
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| Keywords: | Keywords: two- child -mother physical activity self-reported socioeconomic status motivation constraint factors |
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